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Environmetric Study on Air Quality Pattern for Assessment in Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia

机译：马来西亚半岛北部地区空气质量模式评估的环境研究

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Background and Objective: Causes of air quality problems detected are emission from vehicles, industrial emissions and open burning. The objective of this study was to determine the significant pollutant parameters contributing to air quality problems and also to look at air quality pattern at 12 air monitoring stations in the Northern region of Peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang and Perak). Methodology: The data set was given from the Department of Environment, Malaysia (DOE) for the years 2002-2012 (11 years). Basically, air pollution index (API) parameters such as O3, SO2, CO, NO2 and PM10 were involved in this study. Therefore, environmental metric techniques used such as cluster analysis (CA), perform three smaller groups compared 12 stations which has a same characteristic. This clusterization was also used to look air quality pattern based on yearly and specific monthly basis. It were shown that, 2005 and 2006 has a more stand out and different pattern. The third quarter of these years showed predominant and different pattern due to transboundary pollution. Discriminant analysis (DA) was used for differentiating each class. The study found that there were establish different variables, between each class. Principal component analysis (PCA), combined with factor analysis (FA), was used to know significant pollutant parameters based on five pollutants/gases in the air pollution index (API) which cause many activities either internal or external factors. Results: The study found that SO2, NO2 and O3 are the major pollutants contributing to degradation of air quality in the Northern region due to the combustion process from vehicles and industries. Conclusion: As a result of using the envirometric technique for analyzing huge data sets become better understanding air quality pattern and more clearly identify significant air pollutant parameters.
机译：背景与目的：检测到的空气质量问题的原因是车辆排放的废气，工业废气和明火。这项研究的目的是确定导致空气质量问题的重要污染物参数，并研究马来西亚半岛北部地区（Perlis，Kedah，Pulau Pinang和Perak）的12个空气监测站的空气质量模式。方法：数据集来自马来西亚环境部（DOE）2002-2012年（11年）。基本上，空气污染指数（API）参数如O3，SO2，CO，NO2和PM10参与了这项研究。因此，与具有相同特性的12个站点相比，诸如聚类分析（CA）之类的环境度量技术可以执行三个较小的组。此聚类还用于根据年度和特定月份查看空气质量模式。结果表明，2005年和2006年的表现更加突出，格局不同。由于跨界污染，这些年份的第三季度显示出主要且不同的模式。判别分析（DA）用于区分每个类别。研究发现，每个类别之间存在不同的变量。基于空气污染指数（API）中的五种污染物/气体，使用主成分分析（PCA）和因子分析（FA）来了解重要的污染物参数，这些污染物/气体会导致许多内部或外部活动。结果：研究发现，由于汽车和工业的燃烧过程，SO2，NO2和O3是导致北部地区空气质量下降的主要污染物。结论：使用环境计量技术分析大量数据的结果可以更好地理解空气质量模式，并更清晰地识别重要的空气污染物参数。

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