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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of genetics >Divergent actions of long noncoding RNAs on X-chromosome remodelling in mammals and Drosophila achieve the same end result: dosage compensation
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Divergent actions of long noncoding RNAs on X-chromosome remodelling in mammals and Drosophila achieve the same end result: dosage compensation

机译：长非编码RNA对哺乳动物和果蝇X染色体重塑的不同作用达到相同的最终结果：剂量补偿

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Organisms with heterochromatic sex chromosomes need to compensate for differences in dosages of the sex chromosome-linked genes that have somatic functions. In-depth cytological and subsequent biochemical and molecular studies on dosage compensation started with Mary F. Lyona€?s proposal in early 1960s that the Barr body in female mammalian somatic cells represented one of the randomly inactivated and heterochromatinized X chromosomes. In contrast, Drosophila was soon shown to achieve dosage compensation through hypertranscription of single X in male whose chromatin remains more open. Identification of proteins that remodel chromatin either to cause one of the two X chromosomes in somatic cells of very early female mammalian embryos to become condensed and inactive or to remodel the single X in male Drosophila embryos to a more open state for hypertranscription provided important insights into the underlying cellular epigenetic processes. However, the most striking and unexpected discoveries were the identification of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), X- inactive specific transcript (Xist) in mammals and roX1/2 in Drosophila, which were essential for achieving the contrasting chromatin organizations but leading to similar end result in terms of dosage compensation of X-linked genes in females and males. An overview of the processes of X inactivation or hyperactivation in mammals and Drosophila, respectively, and the roles played by Xist, roX1/2 and other lncRNAs in these events is presented.
机译：具有异性性染色体的生物需要补偿具有体细胞功能的性染色体连锁基因的剂量差异。 Mary F. Lyona在1960年代初的提议中就剂量补偿进行了深入的细胞学研究和随后的生化和分子研究，该研究提出雌性哺乳动物体细胞中的Barr体代表了随机灭活的异染色质X染色体之一。相反，果蝇很快被证明可以通过染色质保持更开放的雄性单X的超转录来实现剂量补偿。鉴定能够重塑染色质的蛋白质或者导致非常早期的雌性哺乳动物胚胎的体细胞中的两个X染色体之一浓缩和失活，或者将雄性果蝇胚胎中的单个X改造为更开放的超转录状态提供了重要的见解潜在的细胞表观遗传过程。然而，最惊人和出乎意料的发现是鉴定哺乳动物中的长非编码RNA（lncRNA），X失活的特异性转录本（Xist）和果蝇中的roX1 / 2，这对于实现形成对比的染色质组织但导致相似的结果至关重要在男性和女性中，X连锁基因的剂量补偿产生了结果。分别概述了哺乳动物和果蝇中X失活或过度活化的过程，以及Xist，roX1 / 2和其他lncRNA在这些事件中的作用。

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