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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Extracellular Vesicles >Exosomal miRNAs as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets
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Exosomal miRNAs as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets

机译：外泌体miRNAs作为癌症生物标志物和治疗靶标

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Intercommunication between cancer cells and with their surrounding and distant environments is key to the survival, progression and metastasis of the tumour. Exosomes play a role in this communication process. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression is frequently dysregulated in tumour cells and can be reflected by distinct exosomal miRNA (ex-miRNA) profiles isolated from the bodily fluids of cancer patients. Here, the potential of ex-miRNA as a cancer biomarker and therapeutic target is critically analysed. Exosomes are a stable source of miRNA in bodily fluids but, despite a number of methods for exosome extraction and miRNA quantification, their suitability for diagnostics in a clinical setting is questionable. Furthermore, exosomally transferred miRNAs can alter the behaviour of recipient tumour and stromal cells to promote oncogenesis, highlighting a role in cell communication in cancer. However, our incomplete understanding of exosome biogenesis and miRNA loading mechanisms means that strategies to target exosomes or their transferred miRNAs are limited and not specific to tumour cells. Therefore, if ex-miRNA is to be employed in novel non-invasive diagnostic approaches and as a therapeutic target in cancer, two further advances are necessary: in methods to isolate and detect ex-miRNA, and a better understanding of their biogenesis and functions in tumour-cell communication.
机译：癌细胞之间及其周围和远处环境之间的互通是肿瘤存活，进展和转移的关键。外来体在这种交流过程中发挥作用。 MicroRNA（miRNA）的表达在肿瘤细胞中经常失调，并且可以通过从癌症患者体液中分离出来的独特的外泌体miRNA（ex-miRNA）来反映。在这里，严格分析了前miRNA作为癌症生物标志物和治疗靶标的潜力。外泌体是体液中miRNA的稳定来源，但是尽管有许多外泌体提取和miRNA定量方法，但它们是否适合在临床环境中进行诊断还是值得怀疑的。此外，外泌体转移的miRNA可以改变受体肿瘤和基质细胞的行为，从而促进肿瘤发生，从而突出了癌症中细胞通讯的作用。但是，我们对外泌体的生物发生和miRNA加载机制的不完全了解意味着靶向外泌体或其转移的miRNA的策略是有限的，并且对肿瘤细胞不是特异性的。因此，如果将ex-miRNA用于新颖的非侵入性诊断方法并作为癌症的治疗靶标，则必须进一步取得两项进展：在分离和检测ex-miRNA的方法中，以及对它们的生物发生和功能的更好理解在肿瘤细胞的交流中

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