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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Ecological Anthropology >Differentiating Livelihood Strategies among the Luo and Kipsigis People in Western Kenya
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Differentiating Livelihood Strategies among the Luo and Kipsigis People in Western Kenya

机译：肯尼亚西部罗和基普吉斯人的生计策略差异

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Rural communities of sub-Saharan Africa are under increasing adaptive pressure resulting from decline in the quality of land resources. To increase food, generate income, and safeguard against risks and shocks, families are engaging in multiple livelihood strategies. This study was conducted to: 1) evaluate livelihood strategies; 2) examine the dynamic diversification process in the agrarian and non-agrarian continuum; and 3) investigate how type and availability of assets influences choice of a livelihood strategy. Results from our investigation in western Kenya suggest that as land is subjected to degradation, there is a shift in the type of assets that families can draw upon. Among the Luo, collision between deeply embedded cultural beliefs and access to land, is leading to a shift from farming to non-farming activities. They are heavily reliant on human labor to make a living hence becoming less resilient, and more vulnerable to existing and emerging risks and shocks. The overriding scenario is escalated land degradation, increased poverty levels, and a failed social support system. Asset diversification and intensification processes among the Kipsigis are closely intertwined with rapid social-cultural change and strong bonding and bridging ties. They are involved in an asset-led intensification and diversification strategies. Overall, our findings suggest that the ability to make a meaningful livelihood is dependent not only on the quality and quantity of assets that an individual household possesses, but also having capabilities to use and transform the assets as well.
机译：撒哈拉以南非洲的农村社区由于土地资源质量下降而承受着越来越大的适应压力。为了增加粮食，创收并防范风险和冲击，家庭正在采取多种生计策略。进行这项研究的目的是：1）评估生计策略; 2）研究农业和非农业连续体中的动态多样化过程; 3）研究资产的类型和可用性如何影响生计策略的选择。我们在肯尼亚西部的调查结果表明，随着土地的退化，家庭可利用的资产类型发生了变化。在罗安人中，深深的文化信仰与获得土地之间的冲突正在导致从农业活动转向非农业活动。他们严重依赖人类劳动来谋生，因此变得缺乏弹性，更容易受到现有和新出现的风险和冲击的影响。最重要的情况是土地退化加剧，贫困水平上升以及社会支持体系失灵。基普吉斯人中的资产多样化和集约化进程与迅速的社会文化变化，牢固的联系和桥梁联系紧密地交织在一起。他们参与以资产为主导的集约化和多元化战略。总体而言，我们的发现表明，实现有意义的生计的能力不仅取决于单个家庭拥有的资产的质量和数量，还取决于其使用和改造资产的能力。

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