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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of genetics >Mating with large males decreases the immune defence of females in Drosophila melanogaster
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Mating with large males decreases the immune defence of females in Drosophila melanogaster

机译：与大型雄性交配会降低果蝇中雌性的免疫防御能力

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Mating has been widely reported to be a costly event for females. Studies indicate that female cost of mating in terms of fecundity and survivorship can be affected by their mates, leading to antagonistic coevolution between the sexes. However, as of now, there is no evidence that the female cost of mating in terms of immune defence is affected by their mates. We assess the effect of different sized males on antibacterial immune defence and reproductive fitness of their mates. We used a large outbred population of Drososphila melanogaster as the host and Serratia marcescens as the pathogen. We generated three different male phenotypes: small, medium and large, by manipulating larval densities. Compared to females mating with small males, those mating with large males had higher bacterial loads and lower fecundity. There was no significant effect of male phenotype on the fraction of females mated or copulation duration (an indicator of ejaculate investment). Thus, our study is the first clear demonstration that male phenotype can affect the cost of mating to females in terms of their antibacterial immune defence. Mating with large males imposes an additional cost of mating to females in terms of reduced immune defence. The observed results are very likely due to qualitative/quantitative differences in the ejaculates of the three different types of males. If the phenotypic variation that we observed in males in our study is mirrored by genetic variation, then, it can potentially lead to antagonistic coevolution of the sexes over immune defence.
机译：据报道，交配对于女性而言是昂贵的事件。研究表明，女性的生育能力和生存能力会受到伴侣的影响，导致两性之间的对抗性进化。但是，到目前为止，没有证据表明女性在免疫防御方面的交配成本会受到伴侣的影响。我们评估了不同体型的男性对其伴侣的抗菌免疫防御和生殖健康的影响。我们使用大量的黑腹果蝇（Drososphila melanogaster）作为宿主，而粘质沙雷氏菌（Serratia marcescens）作为病原体。通过操纵幼虫密度，我们产生了三种不同的雄性表型：小，中和大。与雄性较小的雌性相比，雄性较大的雌性具有较高的细菌载量和较低的繁殖力。男性表型对女性交配或交配持续时间（射精投资的指标）没有显着影响。因此，我们的研究是第一个明确的证明，即男性表型可能会影响女性与女性交配的抗菌免疫防御能力。与大型雄性交配会降低免疫防御力，从而增加了与雌性交配的额外成本。观察到的结果很可能是由于三种不同类型的男性射精的定性/定量差异所致。如果我们在研究中观察到的男性表型变异通过遗传变异得以反映，那么，它有可能导致性别对抗免疫防御的协同进化。

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