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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management >Towards reducing traffic congestion using cooperative adaptive cruise control on a freeway with a ramp
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Towards reducing traffic congestion using cooperative adaptive cruise control on a freeway with a ramp

机译：通过在带坡道的高速公路上使用协同自适应巡航控制来减少交通拥堵

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Purpose: In this paper, the impact of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) systems on traffic performance is examined using microscopic agent-based simulation. Using a developed traffic simulation model of a freeway with an on-ramp - created to induce perturbations and to trigger stop-and-go traffic, the CACC system’s effect on the traffic performance is studied. The previously proposed traffic simulation model is extended and validated. By embedding CACC vehicles in different penetration levels, the results show significance and indicate the potential of CACC systems to improve traffic characteristics and therefore can be used to reduce traffic congestion. The study shows that the impact of CACC is positive but is highly dependent on the CACC market penetration. The flow rate of the traffic using CACC is proportional to the market penetration rate of CACC equipped vehicles and the density of the traffic.Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses microscopic simulation experiments followed by a quantitative statistical analysis. Simulation enables researchers manipulating the system variables to straightforwardly predict the outcome on the overall system, giving researchers the unique opportunity to interfere and make improvements to performance. Thus with simulation, changes to variables that might require excessive time, or be unfeasible to carry on real systems, are often completed within seconds.Findings: The findings of this paper are summarized as follow:? Provide and validate a platform (agent-based microscopic traffic simulator) in which any CACC algorithm (current or future) may be evaluated.? Provide detailed analysis associated with implementation of CACC vehicles on freeways.? Investigate whether embedding CACC vehicles on freeways has a significant positive impact or not.Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of this research is that it has been conducted solely in a computer laboratory. Laboratory experiments and/or simulations provide a controlled setting, well suited for preliminary testing and calibrating of the input variables. However, laboratory testing is by no means sufficient for the entire methodology validation. It must be complemented by fundamental field testing. As far as the simulation model limitations, accidents, weather conditions, and obstacles in the roads were not taken into consideration. Failures in the operation of the sensors and communication of CACC design equipment were also not considered. Additionally, the special HOV lanes were limited to manual vehicles and CACC vehicles. Emergency vehicles, buses, motorcycles, and other type of vehicles were not considered in this dissertation. Finally, it is worthy to note that the human factor is far more sophisticated, hard to predict, and flexible to be exactly modeled in a traffic simulation model perfectly. Some human behavior could occur in real life that the simulation model proposed would fail to model.Practical implications: A high percentage of CACC market penetration is not occurring in the near future. Thus, reaching a high penetration will always be a challenge for this type of research. The public accessibility for such a technology will always be a major practical challenge. With such a small headway safety gap, even if the technology was practically proven to be efficient and safe, having the public to accept it and feel comfortable in using it will always be a challenge facing the success of the CACC technology.Originality/value: The literature on the impact of CACC on traffic dynamics is limited. In addition, no previous work has proposed an open-source microscopic traffic simulator where different CACC algorithms could be easily used and tested. We believe that the proposed model is more realistic than other traffic models, and is one of the very first models to model the behavior CACC vehicles on freeways.
机译：目的：在本文中，使用基于微观代理的模拟研究了协作自适应巡航控制（CACC）系统对交通性能的影响。使用已开发的具有匝道的高速公路交通仿真模型-创建该交通模型来诱发扰动并触发停走交通，研究了CACC系统对交通性能的影响。先前提出的交通仿真模型得到扩展和验证。通过将CACC车辆嵌入不同的渗透级别，结果显示出了重要意义，并表明了CACC系统改善交通特性的潜力，因此可用于减少交通拥堵。研究表明，CACC的影响是积极的，但高度依赖于CACC市场渗透率。使用CACC的交通流量与配备CACC的车辆的市场渗透率和交通密度成正比。设计/方法/方法：本文使用微观模拟实验，然后进行定量统计分析。仿真使研究人员能够操纵系统变量来直接预测整个系统的结果，从而为研究人员提供了独特的机会来干预和改进性能。因此，通过仿真，对变量的更改通常可能在几秒钟内完成。这些更改可能需要很长时间，或者无法在实际系统上进行。发现：本文的结论总结如下：提供并验证一个平台（基于代理的微观交通模拟器），在其中可以评估任何CACC算法（当前或将来）。提供与在高速公路上实施CACC车辆相关的详细分析。研究将CACC车辆嵌入高速公路是否具有重大的积极影响。研究局限性/含义：这项研究的主要局限性在于它仅在计算机实验室中进行。实验室实验和/或模拟提供受控的设置，非常适合输入变量的初步测试和校准。但是，实验室测试不足以对整个方法进行验证。它必须通过基本的现场测试加以补充。至于模拟模型的局限性，事故，天气情况和道路障碍物，均未考虑在内。也没有考虑传感器操作和CACC设计设备的通讯故障。此外，特殊的HOV车道仅限于手动车辆和CACC车辆。本文不考虑应急车辆，公共汽车，摩托车和其他类型的车辆。最后，值得注意的是，人为因素要复杂得多，难以预测，并且可以灵活地完美地模拟交通模拟模型。现实生活中可能会发生某些人类行为，而模拟模型无法建模。实际意义：在不久的将来，不会出现很大比例的CACC市场渗透。因此，对于这类研究而言，达到较高的渗透率始终是一个挑战。这种技术的公众可及性将永远是一个重大的实际挑战。由于前进时的安全缺口很小，即使该技术实际上已被证明是高效和安全的，但让公众接受它并感到舒适使用它始终是CACC技术成功所面临的挑战。关于CACC对交通动态影响的文献有限。此外，以前没有工作提出过开放源代码的微观交通模拟器，在其中可以轻松使用和测试不同的CACC算法。我们认为，所提出的模型比其他交通模型更为现实，并且是最早对高速公路上的行为CACC车辆进行建模的模型之一。

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