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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of King Saud University >Paleozoic tectono-stratigraphic framework of the Arabian Peninsula
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Paleozoic tectono-stratigraphic framework of the Arabian Peninsula

机译：阿拉伯半岛的古生代构造地层框架

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Thick Paleozoic succession of siliciclastics and carbonates is well exposed and penetrated in the greater Arabian Basin. The succession included source, reservoir, and seal rocks. Though, oil and gas have been discovered in sandstone and limestone reservoirs in these rocks in several oilfields in the basin, the tectonic history of this succession has not been fully understood yet. The Paleozoic succession of the basin is severely affected by series of major climatic and tectonic events which have caused facies change and major stratigraphic breaks. The major tectonic movements have resulted in dividing the Paleozoic succession into mega-depositional cycles. The succession is subdivided into pre- and syn-climatic and tectonic events representing well defined depositional cycles separated by regional unconformities. These mega-depositional cycles are well preserved in basinal or less tectonically affected areas where boundaries between the respective cycles are marked by possible hiatus. In more tectonically active areas, the Paleozoic succession is less preserved and boundaries between the cycles are more complicated due to longer periods of erosion by later movements and/or non-deposition. Minor stratigraphic breaks within the mega cycles subdivide them into smaller sub-cycles. Following the deposition of the Late Caradocian Quwarah member of the Qasim Formation the area went through a gentle uplift and tilt probably related to the Taconic tectonic movements, and a drop of sea level due to glaciation. Thick succession of the Quwarah, Ra'an, Kahfah, and Hanadir members of the Qasim Formation and the Risha and Sajir members of the Saq Formation were eroded and deep paleo-valleys incised in outcrops of the two formations. Glacial and periglacial deposits of the Zarqa and/or Sarah Formations were unconformably rest on older units from Ordovician to Precambrian. The second main event occurred during Late Silurian where the pre-existing successions, mainly on paleo-highs, were affected by tectonic movements synchronous with the Acadian tectonic phase of the Caledonian tectonic movements. The Early Devonian Tawil Formation unconformably rests on eroded Silurian and Late Ordovician deposits of the Sharawra, Qusaiba, and Sarah Formations in the Qusayba Depression in central Arabia. The third main event is a regional tectonic movement contemporaneous with the Hercynian tectonic movement which have reached its maximum phase in the Late Carboniferous. Earlier successions from Carboniferous to Precambrian were affected and the Permo-Carboniferous Shajara Formation unconformably rests on all underlying Paleozoic rock units in central Arabia and other paleo-highs. The Shajara rests on the Devonian Jubah, Jauf and Tawil Formations, the Silurian Sharawra, Qusaiba, and Uqlah Formations, the Ordovician Sarah, Zarqa, and Qasim Formations, the Cambro-Ordovician Saq Formation, and finally rests on Precambrian Basement complex in central Arabia. The Paleozoic outcrops in central Arabia offer an excellent geologic window documents the influence of the three tectonic movements. The Baq'a and Buraydah quadrangles show excellent outcrops of the glacial related deposits and the merge of the sub-Zarqa/Sarah unconformity, sub-Tawil unconformity, and sub-Shajara unconformity. The three unconformities represent the Taconic, Acadian (Caledonian), and Hercynian events, respectively.
机译：在较大的阿拉伯盆地中，硅质碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩的厚层古生代演替得到了很好的暴露和渗透。演替包括烃源岩，储层和海豹岩。尽管在该盆地几个油田的这些岩石中的砂岩和石灰岩储层中发现了石油和天然气，但这一演替的构造历史尚未得到充分了解。该盆地的古生代演替受到一系列主要的气候和构造事件的严重影响，这些事件导致了相变和主要的地层破裂。主要的构造运动将古生代划分为大型沉积循环。演替又细分为前期和同年气候和构造事件，代表由区域不整合面分隔的定义明确的沉积周期。这些大型沉积循环被很好地保存在受盆地或构造影响较小的区域，在这些区域中，各个循环之间的边界以可能的裂隙为标志。在构造活动较多的地区，由于随后的运动和/或未沉积造成的侵蚀时间较长，古生代的保存较少，周期之间的边界也更加复杂。兆周期内的次要地层断裂将其细分为较小的子周期。在卡西姆组的后卡拉多纪古瓦拉成员沉积之后，该地区经历了缓和的隆起和倾斜，这可能与塔科尼克构造运动有关，并且由于冰川作用使海平面下降。 Qasim组的Quwarah，Ra'an，Kahfah和Hanadir成员以及Saq组的Risha和Sajir成员的厚层相继被侵蚀，并且在两个地层的露头切开了深古河谷。 Zarqa和/或Sarah组的冰川和冰缘沉积物不一致地分布在奥陶纪至前寒武纪的较旧单元上。第二个主要事件发生在志留纪晚期，当时已存在的演替主要在古隆起，受到与加里东构造运动的阿卡迪构造相同步的构造运动的影响。泥盆纪早期的塔维尔组不整合地位于阿拉伯中部Qusayba凹陷的Sharawra，Qusaiba和Sarah组的志留纪和奥陶纪晚期沉积物上。第三个主要事件是与海西构造运动同时期的区域构造运动，该运动在石炭纪晚期达到了最大阶段。从石炭纪到前寒武纪的较早演替受到影响，并且二叠纪-石炭纪的沙加拉组不整合地存在于阿拉伯中部和其他古隆起的所有下古生界岩石单元上。 Shajara地层位于泥盆纪Jubah，Jauf和Tawil组，志留系Sharawra，Qusaiba和Uqlah组，奥陶纪Sarah，Zarqa和Qasim组，Cambro-Ordovician Saq组，最后位于阿拉伯中部的前寒武纪基底复杂。阿拉伯中部的古生代露头提供了极好的地质窗口，记录了这三种构造运动的影响。 Baq'a和Buraydah四边形显示出与冰川相关的沉积物以及Zarqa / Sarah不整合面，Tawil亚整合面和Shajara亚整合面的优异露头。这三个不整合面分别代表塔科尼克，阿卡迪亚（卡莱多尼亚）和海西事件。

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