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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Integrated Pest Management >Resistance to Bt Corn by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the U.S. Corn Belt
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Resistance to Bt Corn by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the U.S. Corn Belt

机译：美国玉米带中西方玉米根虫（鞘翅目：金眼科）对Bt玉米的抗性

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Transgenic Bt corn hybrids that produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner have become the standard insect management tactic across the U.S. Corn Belt. Widespread planting of Bt corn places intense selection pressure on target insects to develop resistance, and evolution of resistance threatens to erode benefits associated with Bt corn, such as reduced reliance on conventional insecticides. Recognizing the threat of resistance, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires seed companies to include an insect resistance management (IRM) plan when registering a Bt trait. The goal of IRM plans is to delay Bt resistance in populations of target insects. One element of IRM is the presence of a non-Bt refuge to maintain Bt-susceptible individuals within a population, and growers are required to implement IRM on-farm by planting a refuge. Field-evolved resistance has not been detected for the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), even though this species has been exposed to Bt proteins common in U.S. corn hybrids since 1996. The IRM situation is unfolding differently for Bt corn targeting the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. In this article, we examine the scientific evidence for D. v. virgifera resistance to Bt rootworm traits and the cropping system practices that have contributed to the first reports of field-evolved resistance to a Bt toxin by D. v. virgifera. We explain why this issue has developed, and emphasize the necessity of an integrated pest management approach to address the issue.
机译：从苏云金芽胞杆菌柏林杆菌中产生杀虫蛋白的转基因Bt玉米杂交种已成为美国玉米带的标准昆虫管理策略。 Bt玉米的广泛种植给目标昆虫施加了极大的选择压力，以产生抗药性，而抗药性的演变有可能侵蚀与Bt玉米相关的益处，例如减少对常规杀虫剂的依赖。认识到抗药性的威胁后，美国环境保护局要求种子公司在注册Bt性状时必须包括昆虫抗药性管理（IRM）计划。 IRM计划的目标是延迟目标昆虫种群中的Bt抗性。 IRM的要素之一是存在非Bt避难所，以维持人群中易受Bt感染的个体，并且要求种植者通过种植避难所在农场实施IRM。尽管自1996年以来该物种就已暴露于美国玉米杂交种中常见的Bt蛋白中，但尚未发现欧洲玉米Ost（Ostrinia nubilalis（Hubner））的田间进化抗性。针对Bt玉米的IRM情况呈现出不同的发展趋势玉米根虫，Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte。在本文中，我们检查了D. v。virgifera对Bt根虫性状的抗性的科学证据以及耕作系统的实践，这些实践促成了D. v。virgifera对田间抗Bt毒素的首次报道。我们解释了为什么这个问题已经发展，并强调必须采用综合的有害生物管理方法来解决这个问题。

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