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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Agricultural Science >Characterization of Emergence Flows of Volunteer Corn as Function of the Type of Harvest Grain Loss
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Characterization of Emergence Flows of Volunteer Corn as Function of the Type of Harvest Grain Loss

机译：志愿者玉米出苗流随收获谷物损失类型变化的特征

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Volunteer corn resistant to glyphosate is constant as weed in soybeans planted in succession. This work aimed to identify the emergence flows of volunteer corn plants in the period of time from the harvest of corn planted following soybean (autumn corn) to the plenty establishment of the canopy of the following soybean crop (summer soybean), as a function of different types of propagules generated by preceding corn harvest losses. Four field experiments were carried out in 2013 and 2014, at a Cerrado location (Sinop, MT) and a subtropical location (Londrina, PR), Brazil. Treatments included the distribution of corn crop residues (factor “A”) either on soil surface or incorporated into superficial soil layers. Four types of propagules (factor “B”) were characterized as ears with whole husk; ears with half husk; broken ears, no husk; and loose grains. The density of emerged plants was recorded fortnightly between August and December. When partially incorporated into soil, propagules generate an increased density of emerged plants as compared to the surface deposition treatments. The main sources of volunteer plants, in descending order of importance, were: (1) loose grains, (2) broken ears, (3) ears with damaged husk, and (4) ears with intact husk. Ears emerged later compared to loose grains or broken ears. Climatic conditions influence the emergence pattern. For the climate of (Savannah-like) Cerrado, the beginning of the rainy season is preponderant for the start of corn emergence. Under subtropical climatic conditions, mild low temperatures, associated or not to rainfall, determine the emergence peaks.
机译：如在连续种植的大豆中的杂草一样，对草甘膦具有抗性的志愿玉米是恒定的。这项工作旨在确定自收获大豆后种植的玉米（秋季玉米）到随后的大豆作物（夏季大豆）的冠层充分建立之间的时间，自愿性玉米植株的出苗流量。先前的玉米收成损失产生的不同类型的繁殖体。 2013年和2014年分别在巴西的塞拉多（Sinop）和亚热带地区（Londrina）进行了四个野外实验。处理方法包括将玉米作物残留物（因子“ A”）分布在土壤表面或掺入浅层土壤中。四种繁殖体（因子“ B”）的特征是全皮的耳朵。半壳的耳朵;耳朵破裂，没有皮;和松散的谷物。在8月至12月之间每两周记录一次出苗植物的密度。与表面沉积处理相比，当繁殖体部分掺入土壤时，繁殖体产生的出苗植物密度增加。志愿植物的主要来源按重要性从高到低依次为：（1）散粒，（2）耳朵破损，（3）外壳破损的耳朵和（4）外壳完整的耳朵。与松散的谷物或破碎的耳朵相比，耳朵出现得较晚。气候条件影响出苗方式。对于塞拉多（类似于萨凡纳）的气候，雨季的开始主要是玉米出苗的开始。在亚热带气候条件下，与降雨相关或不相关的温和低温确定了出峰。

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