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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Military and Strategic Studies >Geological-reasoning training as preparation for the “thinking warfighter” in the next-generation military
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Geological-reasoning training as preparation for the “thinking warfighter” in the next-generation military

机译：进行地质推理培训，为下一代军事中的“有思想的战士”做准备

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On the modern battlefield, unimagined missions occur faster than military schools can prepare their forces.? Militaries, therefore, would be better served if recruits entered the armed forces preconditioned with an intellectual agility that will help them execute missions using limited time, resources and support.?? Geological-reasoning training at the high school and college level could be the answer. Militaries have realized that they need to train and equip a modern thinking force; however, they are not prepared to train the critical-thinking skills needed. This dilemma can no longer be ignored, for counterinsurgency (COIN) doctrine expects troops to have an adaptable and flexible mindset with the ability to constantly learn and adapt. Training in geological reasoning, therefore, may be a key to helping alleviate the problem of a ready-to-go, “thinking warfighter.” Kastens et al. [1] suggest geological reasoning is unique and founded in four areas (which support COIN expectations): a) deep-time thinking, b) understanding the Earth as a complex system, c) using the field environment as a learning tool and d) the requirement of spatial thinking.? This multivariate approach to problem solving is paramount in solving tactical and strategic problems, which rarely have a “correct” answer.? As a foundation, geological-reasoning training at the high-school/college level can be vital in preparing recruits to be ready-made critical thinkers.? Recognition of the importance of geology training as a tool to help develop problem recognition and solution development has not gone unnoticed by the U.S. government.? For over 50 years, NASA has required their astronaut corps to undergo extensive classroom and field-based training in geology for the sole purpose of developing observational skills and problem recognition and solution. [2] Most recently, soldiers (geoscientists), as a part of small, specialized, COIN teams, such as the joint U.S. Army-National Guard Agriculture Development Teams have demonstrated to command personnel the potential of a tactical, thinking warfighter.? These thinking warfighters make quality observations and interpretations in restricted spatio-temporal environments where data are lacking and, probably most importantly, are able to effectively communicate the results to their commanders for strategic use. [1] Kim A. Kastens, Cathryn A. Manduca, Cinzia Cervato, Robert Frodeman, Charles Goodwin, Lynn S. Liben, David W. Mogk, Timothy C. Spangler, Neil A. Stillings and Sarah Titus“How geoscientists think and learn.” Eos, Transactions.? American Geophysical Union 90 (2009): pp. 265-272. [2] Dean B. Eppler, Andrew Feustel, J. Mark Erickson, Kip Hodges, Laszio P. Keszthelyi, Mark Helper, William R. Muehlberger, William Phinney, Art Snoke and Barbara J. Tewksbury. 2008. “Apollo/Constellation geologic training workshop: reviewing Apollo’s accomplishments and preparing a new generation of geologic explorers for Lunar field geology,” (Paper presented at the annual meeting for the Geological Society of America, Houston, Texas, October 5-9).
机译：在现代战场上，无法想象的任务发生得比军事学校准备部队的速度快。因此，如果新兵以智力敏捷性为前提进入武装部队，将能够在有限的时间，资源和支持下帮助他们执行任务，从而更好地为军队服务。高中和大学级别的地质推理培训可能是答案。军方已经意识到，他们需要训练和装备现代化的思想力量。但是，他们不准备培训所需的批判性思维技能。这种困境不再被忽略，因为平叛理论（COIN）期望部队拥有适应性强，灵活的心态，并具有不断学习和适应的能力。因此，对地质推理的培训可能是帮助缓解现成的“有思想的战士”问题的关键。 Kastens等。 [1]提出地质推理是独特的，它建立在四个方面（支持COIN期望）：a）深入思考，b）将地球理解为复杂系统，c）使用野外环境作为学习工具，以及d）空间思维的要求。解决问题的这种多元方法对于解决战术和战略问题至关重要，而这些问题很少有“正确”的答案。作为基础，高中/学院级别的地质推理培训对于使新兵准备好成为现成的批判性思想家至关重要。美国政府对地质培训作为帮助开发问题识别和解决方案的工具的重要性的认识并没有被忽视。 50多年来，NASA要求其宇航员团接受广泛的课堂和实地地质培训，其唯一目的是发展观察技能以及问题识别和解决方案。 [2]最近，作为小型专业化COIN小组的一部分的士兵（地质学家），例如美国陆军与国民警卫队农业发展联合小组，已经证明可以指挥人员战术上有思想的战士的潜力。这些有思想的战士在缺乏数据的时空有限环境中进行高质量的观察和解释，并且最重要的是，他们能够有效地将结果传达给指挥官，以供战略使用。 [1] Kim A. Kastens，Cathryn A. Manduca，Cinzia Cervato，Robert Frodeman，Charles Goodwin，Lynn S. Liben，David W. Mogk，Timothy C. Spangler，Neil A. Stillings和Sarah Titus“地学家如何思考和学习。” Eos，交易。？美国地球物理联合会90（2009）：265-272页。 [2] Dean B. Eppler，Andrew Feustel，J。Mark Erickson，Kip Hodges，Laszio P. Keszthelyi，Mark Helper，William R. Muehlberger，William Phinney，Art Snoke和Barbara J. Tewksbury。 2008年。“阿波罗/星座地质培训讲习班：回顾阿波罗的成就并为月球野外地质学做好新一代地质勘探者的准备”（论文在10月5日至9日在美国地质学会年会上发表，得克萨斯州休斯敦） 。

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