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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Military and Strategic Studies >“Lessons learned” in WWI: The German Army, Vimy Ridge and the Elastic Defence in Depth in 1917
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“Lessons learned” in WWI: The German Army, Vimy Ridge and the Elastic Defence in Depth in 1917

机译：第一次世界大战中的“经验教训”：1917年，德国军队，维米·里奇和深度弹性防御

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In late 1916, the German 3rd Supreme Army Command (OHL) under General Hindenburg and General Ludendorff decided to go onto a strategic defensive on the main front in the west. With the help of the tactical lessons learned in the battle of materiel at the Somme, the OHL developed the principle of elastic defense in depth. It consisted of mounting a mobile and offensive defense that granted the forces limited room to withdraw and was primarily based on immediate counterstrokes being conducted by reserves. For this purpose, the bulk of the force would no longer be concentrated in the front line, but were to disperse in a several kilometer deep position area. This new doctrine, which was by no means uncontested among German commanders, faced the crucial test when the Anglo-Canadian attack on Vimy Ridge /Arras was launched on 9 April 1917. As a consequence of blatant leadership errors and a flawed implementation of the principles of elastic defense, the German defenders lost Vimy Ridge at the beginning of the battle. Nevertheless, the allied breakthrough attempt ended in early May 1917 in failure and with severe losses. This paper shows how the German side learned from the battles at Vimy/Arras and optimized its system of elastic defense for the forthcoming defensive operations in 1917.
机译：1916年下半年，兴登堡将军和卢登道夫将军领导的德国第3最高陆军司令部决定在西部主要战线进行战略防御。借助在索姆河战斗中的物资战中获得的战术教训，OHL深入发展了弹性防御原理。它包括进行机动和进攻性防御，赋予部队有限的撤退空间，主要是基于预备队立即进行的反击。为此目的，大部分力量将不再集中在前线，而是分散在几公里深的位置区域。当1917年4月9日英裔加拿大人对维米里奇/阿拉斯发动进攻时，这一新的学说在德国指挥官中绝非无可争议，因此面临着严峻的考验。由于公然的领导失误和原则的实施有缺陷出于弹性防御的考虑，德国后卫在战斗开始时就输了Vimy Ridge。然而，同盟国的突破尝试于1917年5月初因失败而蒙受了惨重的损失。本文展示了德军如何从维米/阿拉斯战役中学习并优化其弹性防御系统，以应对即将在1917年进行的防御行动。

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