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HCV genetics and genotypes dictate future antiviral strategies

机译：HCV的遗传学和基因型决定了未来的抗病毒策略

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At the end of the 1980s, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was cloned and formally identified as the cause of the majority of non-A and non-B hepatitis cases. Today, around 170 million people worldwide are infected with HCV, making it five times more common than infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Several methods exist which mediate the spread of infection. One of the most common and efficient is sharing or re-using injecting equipment; studies have indicated that 80-90% of individuals in some populations of intravenous drug users test positive in serum HCV assays. Contracting HCV from infected blood transfusions was also a major cause of infection before screening tests were introduced in the early 1990s. Other possible, but less common, methods of infection transmission include mother-to-child during pregnancy, sexual contact and nosocomial acquisition (for example between surgical or dialysis patients). It appears that concurrent HIV-1 infection increases the risk of HCV transmission via the mother-to-child or sexual routes.
机译：在1980年代末，丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）被克隆并正式确定为大多数非甲型和非乙型肝炎病例的病因。如今，全世界约有1.7亿人感染了HCV，使其比人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的发病率高五倍。存在几种介导感染传播的方法。最常见和最有效的方法之一是共享或重复使用注射设备。研究表明，某些静脉吸毒人群中80-90％的人在血清HCV检测中呈阳性。在1990年代初开始进行筛查试验之前，受感染的输血导致HCV感染也是造成感染的主要原因。其他可能但较不常见的感染传播方法包括怀孕期间的母婴，性接触和医院内获取（例如在手术或透析患者之间）。似乎同时发生的HIV-1感染增加了通过母婴或性途径传播HCV的风险。

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