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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of neuroinflammation >Down’s syndrome, neuroinflammation, and Alzheimer neuropathogenesis
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Down’s syndrome, neuroinflammation, and Alzheimer neuropathogenesis

机译：唐氏综合症，神经炎症和阿尔茨海默氏症

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Down syndrome (DS) is the result of triplication of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21) and is the prevailing cause of mental retardation. In addition to the mental deficiencies and physical anomalies noted at birth, triplication of chromosome 21 gene products results in the neuropathological and cognitive changes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mapping of the gene that encodes the precursor protein (APP) of the β-amyloid (Aβ) present in the Aβ plaques in both AD and DS to chromosome 21 was strong evidence that this chromosome 21 gene product was a principal neuropathogenic culprit in AD as well as DS. The discovery of neuroinflammatory changes, including dramatic proliferation of activated glia overexpressing a chromosome 2 gene product - the pluripotent immune cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) - and a chromosome 21 gene product - S100B - in the brains of fetuses, neonates, and children with DS opened the possibility that early events in Alzheimer pathogenesis were driven by cytokines. The specific chromosome 21 gene products and the complexity of the mechanisms they engender that give rise to the neuroinflammatory responses noted in fetal development of the DS brain and their potential as accelerators of Alzheimer neuropathogenesis in DS are topics of this review, particularly as they relate to development and propagation of neuroinflammation, the consequences of which are recognized clinically and neuropathologically as Alzheimer’s disease.
机译：唐氏综合症（DS）是21号染色体（三体性21号）重复的结果，并且是智力低下的主要原因。除了出生时注意到的精神缺陷和身体异常外，染色体21基因产物的三倍重复还会导致阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）的神经病理学和认知变化。编码存在于AD和DS的Aβ斑块中的β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）的前体蛋白（APP）的基因到21号染色体的有力证据表明，该21号染色体的基因产物是AD的主要神经病因。以及DS。发现神经炎性变化，包括在胎儿，新生儿和婴儿的大脑中过表达2号染色体基因产物多能免疫细胞因子白介素1（IL-1）和21号染色体基因产物S100B的活化神经胶质细胞急剧增殖。患有DS的儿童打开了阿尔茨海默氏病发病早期事件由细胞因子驱动的可能性。这项特定的21号染色体基因产物及其引起DS胎儿发育中引起的神经炎症反应的机制的复杂性及其在DS中作为阿尔茨海默氏神经病发生促进剂的潜力是本综述的主题，尤其是因为它们与神经炎症的发展和传播，其后果在临床和神经病理学上被视为阿尔茨海默氏病。

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