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The effect of spherical aberration on visual performance and refractive state for stimuli and tasks typical of night viewing

机译：球差对夜间刺激和典型任务的视觉性能和屈光状态的影响

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Purpose The aim of this work was to examine the impact of Seidel spherical aberration (SA) on optimum refractive state for detecting and discriminating small bright lights on a dark background. Methods An adaptive-optics system was used to correct ocular aberrations of cyclopleged eyes and then systematically introduce five levels of Seidel SA for a 7-mm diameter pupil: 0,?±?0.18, and?±?0.36?diopters (D)?mm?2. For each level of SA, subjects were required to detect one or resolve two points of light (0.54 arc min diameter) on a dark background. Refractive error was measured by adjusting stimulus vergence to minimize detection and resolution thresholds. Two other novel focusing tasks for single points of light required maximizing the perceived intensity of a bright point's core and minimizing its overall perceived size (i.e. minimize starburst artifacts). Except for the detection task, luminance of the point of light was 1000?cd?m?2 on a black background lower than 0.5?cd?m?2. Results Positive SA introduced myopic shifts relative to the best subjective focus for dark letters on a bright background when there was no SA, whereas negative SA introduced hyperopic shifts in optimal focus. The changes in optimal focus were ?1.7, ?2.4, ?2.0, and ?9.2?D of focus per D?mm?2 of SA for the detection task, resolution task, and maximization of core's intensity and minimization of size, respectively. Conclusion Ocular SA can be a significant contributor to changes in refractive state when viewing high-contrast point sources typically encountered in nighttime environments.
机译：目的这项工作的目的是检查塞德尔球差（SA）对最佳折射状态的影响，以检测和区分深色背景上的小亮光。方法：采用自适应光学系统矫正睫状眼的眼像差，然后针对直径为7mm的瞳孔系统引入五个级别的Seidel SA：0，？±？0.18和？±？0.36？屈光度（D）？ mm ？2 。对于SA的每个级别，要求受试者在深色背景上检测一个或分辨两个光点（最小直径为0.54 arc）。屈光不正是通过调整刺激范围以最小化检测和分辨阈值来测量的。针对单点光的另外两个新颖的聚焦任务需要最大化亮点核心的感知强度并最小化其整体感知大小（即，最小化星爆伪像）。除了检测任务以外，在低于0.5Ωcd？m ≥2的黑色背景上，光点的亮度为1000Ωcd？m ≥2。结果在没有SA的情况下，正面SA会相对于明亮背景上的深色字母的最佳主观焦点引入近视移位，而阴性SA会在最佳焦点上引入远视移位。对于检测任务，分辨率任务和核心强度最大化，SA的最佳焦点的变化是SA的D？mm ？2 的焦点分别为？1.7，？2.4，？2.0和？9.2？D。和最小化。结论当观察夜间环境中通常遇到的高对比度点源时，Ocular SA可能是屈光状态变化的重要因素。

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