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Accommodation and age-dependent eye model based on in vivo measurements

机译：基于体内测量的适应性和年龄相关的眼部模型

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Purpose To develop a flexible model of the average eye that incorporates changes with age and accommodation in all optical parameters, including entrance pupil diameter, under photopic, natural, environmental conditions. Methods We collated retrospective in vivo measurements of all optical parameters, including entrance pupil diameter. Ray-tracing was used to calculate the wavefront aberrations of the eye model as a function of age, stimulus vergence and pupil diameter. These aberrations were used to calculate objective refraction using paraxial curvature matching. This was also done for several stimulus positions to calculate the accommodation response/stimulus curve. Results The model predicts a hyperopic change in distance refraction as the eye ages (+0.22?D every 10 years) between 20 and 65 years. The slope of the accommodation response/stimulus curve was 0.72 for a 25 years-old subject, with little change between 20 and 45 years. A trend to a more negative value of primary spherical aberration as the eye accommodates is predicted for all ages (20–50 years). When accommodation is relaxed, a slight increase in primary spherical aberration (0.008?μm every 10 years) between 20 and 65 years is predicted, for an age-dependent entrance pupil diameter ranging between 3.58?mm (20 years) and 3.05?mm (65 years). Results match reasonably well with studies performed in real eyes, except that spherical aberration is systematically slightly negative as compared with the practical data. Conclusions The proposed eye model is able to predict changes in objective refraction and accommodation response. It has the potential to be a useful design and testing tool for devices (e.g. intraocular lenses or contact lenses) designed to correct the eye's optical errors.
机译：目的开发一种灵活的普通眼模型，该模型在明，自然，环境条件下，将随年龄和适应性而变化的所有光学参数（包括入瞳直径）纳入其中。方法我们对所有光学参数，包括入瞳直径进行回顾性体内测量。光线追踪用于计算眼睛模型的波前像差，该像差是年龄，刺激范围和瞳孔直径的函数。这些像差用于使用近轴曲率匹配来计算物镜折射。对于几个刺激位置也可以这样做，以计算调节响应/刺激曲线。结果该模型预测，随着年龄的增长（在20至65岁之间，每10年+0.22？D），远视屈光度会发生变化。对于25岁的受试者，适应反应/刺激曲线的斜率为0.72，在20至45岁之间变化不大。预计在所有年龄段（20-50岁），随着眼睛的适应，初级球差将趋于负值。放松住宿后，预计在20至65岁之间，初级球面像差会略有增加（每10年0.008？μm），并且视年龄而定的入瞳直径在3.58？mm（20年）至3.05？mm（ 65岁）。结果与真实眼睛的研究相当吻合，但与实际数据相比，球差在系统上略有负面。结论所提出的眼模型能够预测客观屈光和适应性反应的变化。它有可能成为用于矫正眼睛光学误差的设备（例如眼内透镜或隐形眼镜）的有用设计和测试工具。

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