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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of occupational health. >How Occupational Health can Contribute in a Disaster and What We should Prepare for the Future—Lessons Learned through Support Activities of a Medical School at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Summer 2011
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How Occupational Health can Contribute in a Disaster and What We should Prepare for the Future—Lessons Learned through Support Activities of a Medical School at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Summer 2011

机译：职业健康如何在灾难中做出贡献以及我们应为未来做些什么— 2011年夏季福岛第一核电站医学院的支持活动吸取的经验教训

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Background: A nuclear accident occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant of Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) as a result of a mega-earthquake and tsunami in March, 2011. A large number of workers were engaged in response and recovery operations under a complex structure of involved companies. They were exposed not only to radiation but also to other health hazards. TEPCO implemented programs to prevent radiation exposure, but had no effective systems for managing the other health risks and few occupational health (OH) professionals contributed to the health risk management. Activities: The University of Occupational and Environmental Health (UOEH), Japan, dispatched physicians to a quake-proof building at the plant to provide first-aid services from mid-May, 2011, and took a strategic approach to protecting workers from existing health risks. UOEH presented recommendations on OH systems and preventive measures against heat stress to the Government and TEPCO. The Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare issued guidelines to TEPCO and contractors. TEPCO implemented a comprehensive program against heat stress according to the guidelines and in cooperation with UOEH. As a result, we successfully prevented severe heat illness during summer 2011. Discussion: From our experiences, we believe that the following recommendations should be considered: 1) the role of OH and the participation of experts should be defined in emergency response plans; 2) regulations should allow the national government and main companies involved to lead safety and health initiatives for all workers at disaster sites; and 3) OH professionals, response manuals and drills should be organized at a national level.
机译：背景：由于2011年3月的特大地震和海啸，东京电力公司（TEPCO）的福岛第一核电站发生了核事故。涉及公司的结构复杂。他们不仅受到辐射，而且还受到其他健康危害。东京电力公司实施了防止辐射暴露的计划，但没有有效的系统来管理其他健康风险，并且几乎没有职业健康（OH）专业人员为健康风险管理做出了贡献。活动：日本职业与环境卫生大学（UOEH），从2011年5月中旬起，将医生派往该厂的防震大楼提供急救服务，并采取了战略性措施保护工人免受现有健康危害风险。 UOEH向政府和TEPCO提出了有关OH系统和防止热应力的预防措施的建议。厚生劳动省向东京电力公司和承包商发布了指南。东京电力公司根据准则并与UOEH合作实施了一项针对热应力的综合计划。结果，我们在2011年夏季成功地预防了重度热病。讨论：根据我们的经验，我们认为应考虑以下建议：1）在应急响应计划中应确定OH的作用和专家的参与; 2）法规应允许国家政府和有关主要公司为灾难现场的所有工人领导安全与健康倡议; 3）应在国家层面组织OH专业人员，应对手册和演习。

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