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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Plant Protection Research >Effects of farming system, chemical control, fertilizer and sowing density on sharp eyespot and Rhizoctonia spp. in winter wheat
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Effects of farming system, chemical control, fertilizer and sowing density on sharp eyespot and Rhizoctonia spp. in winter wheat

机译：耕作制度，化学防治，肥料和播种密度对尖锐的眼斑和根瘤菌的影响。冬小麦

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Effects of agronomic practices on the occurrence of sharp eyespot and Rhizoctonia spp. in winter wheat were determined in two field experiments. In Experiment 1, in the village of Osiny, a comparison was made of disease in different farming systems. The farming systems were: organic, integrated, conventional, and monoculture. In Experiment 2, in the village of Moche?ek, the effects of different chemical controls (no treatment, herbicide, herbicide + fungicide), mineral fertilizer doses (147 and 221 kg/ha NPK) and sowing densities (400 and 600 grains/m2) on the occurrence of sharp eyespot were compared in wheat grown in short-term monoculture. There was considerably more sharp eyespot in 2007 (disease index 1.63-29.5%) than in other years. Significant effects of the treatments were mostly noted at the milk ripe growth stage. The fewest sharp eyespot symptoms were seen in the integrated farming system. The most sharp eyespot symptoms were seen in the conventional and organic systems. There was a tendency for an increased intensity of symptoms in successive wheat-growing years of short-term monoculture. The application of pesticides showed no clear effect on the occurrence of sharp eyespot. The herbicide resulted in increased or decreased disease intensity depending on the cultivation year and the date of observation. Fungicide application did not decrease infection. Without chemical control, more symptoms were observed at the lower NPK rate. There were more symptoms at the higher sowing density. Stems with sharp eyespot symptoms were mostly infected by Rhizoctonia cerealis, and less frequently by R. solani. Binucleate Rhizoctonia spp., which could not be identified to species using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, were also recorded. Two R. zeae isolates were also obtained from stems with disease symptoms in Moche?ek. R. solani was more often isolated from roots or stems with symptoms of true eyespot or fusarium foot rot. Most isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained at the milk ripe stage. A wheat-growing system and chemical control did not greatly affect the frequency of Rhizoctonia spp.
机译：农艺措施对尖锐的眼斑和根瘤菌属的发生的影响。在两个田间试验中确定了冬小麦的产量。在实验1中，在奥西尼（Osiny）村，对不同农作系统中的疾病进行了比较。农业体系为：有机，综合，常规和单一栽培。在实验2中，在Moche？ek村，不同化学控制措施（未处理，除草剂，除草剂+杀真菌剂），矿物肥料剂量（每公斤NPK 147和221公斤）和播种密度（400和600粒/比较了在短期单一栽培条件下种植的小麦上m2）出现尖锐斑点的情况。与其他年份相比，2007年的视线尖锐得多（疾病指数1.63-29.5 ％）。这些处理的显着效果主要是在牛奶成熟阶段注意到的。在综合耕作系统中，出现最少的锐利眼斑症状。在常规系统和有机系统中，眼点症状最明显。在小麦短期连续单株种植的连续年份中，症状强度有增加的趋势。农药的施用对出现尖锐的眼点没有明显的作用。除草剂导致的病害强度增加或减少取决于种植年限和观察日期。施用杀菌剂并不能减少感染。在没有化学控制的情况下，以较低的NPK率观察到更多症状。在较高的播种密度下会有更多的症状。有明显眼点症状的茎多数被谷物枯萎病感染，而少见的由R. solani感染。还记录了使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术无法鉴定到物种的双核Rhizoctonia spp.。在Mocheek中，还从具有疾病症状的茎中获得了两个R.zeae分离株。 solani R. solani通常从具有真正眼点或镰刀菌足腐病症状的根或茎中分离出来。多数分离的根瘤菌属。是在牛奶成熟阶段获得的。小麦的生长系统和化学控制对Rhizoctonia spp的发生频率没有很大的影响。

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