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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Lithic Studies >Estudio de la inversin de energa aplicada en la manufactura de instrumentos lticos recuperados en la costa rionegrina del golfo San Matas (Argentina) a lo largo del Holoceno medio y tardo [Study of the energy investment applied in the manufacture...]
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Estudio de la inversin de energa aplicada en la manufactura de instrumentos lticos recuperados en la costa rionegrina del golfo San Matas (Argentina) a lo largo del Holoceno medio y tardo [Study of the energy investment applied in the manufacture...]

机译：在全新世中期和中晚期对在圣马塔斯海湾（阿根廷）的里约内格罗海岸回收的石器的制造中应用的能源投资进行研究[在制造中应用的能源投资的研究...]

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摘要

Study of the energy investment applied in the manufacture of stone tools from San Matas Gulf coast (Ro Negro, Argentina) during the Middle and Late HoloceneLithic technology is one of the many strategies that past human groups primarily utilised to extract and process resources for consumption. Different artefacts can be manufactured by investing different amounts of energy (while some of them require a great effort to be produced, others can be produced with very little investment of energy), depending on factors such as raw materials availability, the purpose for which the instruments are made, the temporal constraints, among others. This energy investment can be measured by different indicators. It is expected that in an environment where the spatial and temporal variability results in a heterogeneous distribution of resources, the sets of artefacts will show greater energy investment in order to be more efficient to exploit and process the necessary resources. The opposite would occur if energy is randomly distributed in the environment (Torrence 1983; Jeske 1992; Bousman 1993).The area of this study is the San Matas Gulf coast (Ro Negro province, Argentina). Because of its geomorphological and structural differences, this coast has been divided into two distinct areas: the northern sector (between San Antonio Oeste city and El Cndor), where there is a combination of accessibility to marine resources, of fresh water and an abundant availability of lithic raw materials and topographic shelters (Borella et al. 2007; Cardillo & Favier Dubois 2010); and the western portion (between Las Grutas city and the border with Chubut province), which is environmentally more homogeneous and with a lower variety of marine resources (Orensanz et al. 1973), and would have been used less intensively than the other portion of the gulf (Borella et al. 2007; Favier Dubois & Borella 2011). The dates of the northern sector go from ca. 6000 to 450 14C years BP (Favier Dubois et al. 2009a), while the dates of the western sector go from ca. 3000 to 900 14C years BP (Borella et al. 2015).In order to distinguish differential efforts put into the manufacture of lithic artefacts, this paper presents the results of the application of the concepts of "technical class" (Aschero & Hocsman 2004) and "utilitarian design" to the lithic assemblages recovered in the study area. The first concept considers overlapping flake scars that may fully or partially cover the surface of one or both sides of the instrument, intersecting or not at the tool middle axis (Aschero & Hocsman 2004). Categories within the technical class are not separated compartments but, according to Hocsman & Escola (2007: 76), there is a continuum in the morphology of artefacts ranging from those that can be produced with little effort, to those for which manufacture involves a greater effort. This approach is complemented by the study of utilitarian designs of instruments. This methodology was used in order to distinguish differential efforts in the manufacture of various artefact types found in the archaeological assemblages analysed, and to discern trends in the use of the different rock types found in the archaeological record. All of the analyses were performed according to the criteria established in Aschero (1975; 1983), whereas the identification of raw materials was made according to Alberti & Fernandez (2015). Finally Chi2 test were run in order to determine whether the detected intra- and inter-coastal differences are statistically significant or not.For the northern coast of the gulf, the results indicate a general low energy investment, which goes along with the exploitation of marine resources during the earliest occupation periods. This is supported by the high percentages of blanks obtained using indirect percussion, by the absence of requirements of blank manufacture and by the absence of an imposition of requirements of form. Towards the later periods of occupation, the resul
机译：全新世中期和晚期，研究从圣马塔斯墨西哥湾沿岸（阿根廷罗内格罗）生产石材工具的能源投资锂技术是过去人类主要用来提取和加工消费资源的众多策略之一。可以通过投入不同量的能量来制造不同的人工制品（尽管其中一些人工需要付出巨大的努力才能生产，而其他人工制品却可以用很少的能量投入来生产），具体取决于诸如原材料的可获得性，制造目的等因素。制作乐器，时间限制等。能源投资可以通过不同的指标来衡量。可以预期，在空间和时间可变性导致资源异构分布的环境中，人工制品集将显示出更多的能源投资，以便更有效地利用和处理必要的资源。如果能量在环境中随机分布，则会发生相反的情况（Torrence 1983; Jeske 1992; Bousman 1993）。本研究的区域是圣马塔斯海湾沿岸地区（阿根廷罗内格罗省）。由于其地貌和结构上的差异，该海岸被划分为两个不同的区域：北部地区（圣安东尼奥·奥埃斯特市和El Cndor之间），那里海洋资源的可利用性，淡水和丰富的可利用性相结合石质原料和地形掩体的建造（Borella等，2007; Cardillo和Favier Dubois，2010）;西部（Las Grutas市和丘布特省接壤的边界之间），在环境上更加统一，海洋资源种类较少（Orensanz等人，1973年），与该州其他地区相比，其使用强度较低海湾（Borella等人2007; Favier Dubois＆Borella 2011）。北部地区的日期大约在BP 14C年为6000至450年（Favier Dubois等，2009a），而西部地区的日期可追溯至大约公元1986年。 3000到900个14C年BP（Borella et al。2015）。为了区分在制作石器物方面的不同努力，本文介绍了“技术类”概念应用的结果（Aschero＆Hocsman 2004）和“功利主义的设计”，以研究区中发现的石器组合。第一个概念考虑了鳞片状的重叠疤痕，它们可能完全或部分覆盖仪器一侧或两侧的表面，在工具中轴处相交或不相交（Aschero＆Hocsman 2004）。技术类中的类别不是分隔的隔间，而是根据Hocsman＆Escola（2007：76），在人工制品形态上存在一个连续体，从可以轻松制造的制品到制造涉及更大的制品。努力。通过对工具的功利主义设计的研究来补充这种方法。使用该方法学是为了区分在分析的考古组合中发现的各种人工制品的制造过程中的不同工作，并辨别在考古记录中发现的不同岩石类型的使用趋势。所有分析均根据Aschero（1975; 1983）建立的标准进行，而原材料的识别则根据Alberti＆Fernandez（2015）进行。最后进行了Chi2检验，以确定所检测到的沿海内部和沿海之间的差异是否具有统计显着性。对于海湾的北部海岸，结果表明总体上能源消耗较低，这与海洋生物的开发同时进行最早占用期间的资源。使用间接打击乐器获得的毛坯百分比很高，不存在毛坯制造要求以及没有施加形式要求，这都支持了这一点。在占领后期，

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