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Ethnobotany in the Nepal Himalaya

机译：尼泊尔喜马拉雅山民族植物学

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Background Indigenous knowledge has become recognized worldwide not only because of its intrinsic value but also because it has a potential instrumental value to science and conservation. In Nepal, the indigenous knowledge of useful and medicinal plants has roots in the remote past. Methods The present study reviews the indigenous knowledge and use of plant resources of the Nepal Himalayas along the altitudinal and longitudinal gradient. A total of 264 studies focusing on ethnobotany, ethnomedicine and diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants, carried out between 1979 and 2006 were consulted for the present analysis. In order to cross check and verify the data, seven districts of west Nepal were visited in four field campaigns. Results In contrast to an average of 21–28% ethnobotanically/ethnomedicinally important plants reported for Nepal, the present study found that up to about 55% of the flora of the study region had medicinal value. This indicates a vast amount of undocumented knowledge about important plant species that needs to be explored and documented. The richness of medicinal plants decreased with increasing altitude but the percentage of plants used as medicine steadily increased with increasing altitude. This was due to preferences given to herbal remedies in high altitude areas and a combination of having no alternative choices, poverty and trust in the effectiveness of folklore herbal remedies. Conclusion Indigenous knowledge systems are culturally valued and scientifically important. Strengthening the wise use and conservation of indigenous knowledge of useful plants may benefit and improve the living standard of poor people.
机译：背景知识土著知识不仅因为其内在价值，而且因为其对科学和保护具有潜在的工具价值而在世界范围内得到认可。在尼泊尔，有用和药用植物的本地知识源于遥远的过去。方法：本研究回顾了尼泊尔喜马拉雅山沿海拔和纵向梯度的本土知识和植物资源的利用。在本研究中，参考了1979年至2006年之间进行的264项针对民族植物学，民族植物医学以及药用和芳香植物多样性的研究。为了交叉检查和验证数据，在四个野战中访问了尼泊尔西部的七个地区。结果与尼泊尔报道的平均21–28％的植物学/民族学重要植物相反，本研究发现，该研究区最多约55％的植物区系具有药用价值。这表明需要探索和记录大量有关重要植物物种的未记录知识。药用植物的丰富度随着海拔的升高而降低，但药用植物的比例随着海拔的升高而稳定增加。这是由于偏爱高海拔地区的草药，以及别无选择，贫穷和对民俗草药的有效性的信任相结合。结论土著知识体系具有文化价值和科学重要性。加强对有用植物的本地知识的明智使用和保护，可能有益和改善穷人的生活水平。

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