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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine >Naming a phantom – the quest to find the identity of Ulluchu, an unidentified ceremonial plant of the Moche culture in Northern Peru
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Naming a phantom – the quest to find the identity of Ulluchu, an unidentified ceremonial plant of the Moche culture in Northern Peru

机译：命名一个幻影–寻找秘鲁北部Moche文化的身份不明的仪式植物Ulluchu的身份

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The botanical identification of Ulluchu, an iconic fruit frequently depicted in the art of the pre-Columbian Moche culture that flourished from A.D. 100–800 on the Peruvian north coast, has eluded scientists since its documentation in ceramics in the 1930s. Moche fine-line drawings of Ulluchu normally depict seed-pods or seeds floating in the air in sacrificial scenes, associated with runners and messengers or intoxicated priests. It is a grooved, comma-shaped fruit with an enlarged calyx found mainly in fine-line scenes painted on Moche ceramics. The term first appeared without linguistic explanation in the work of pioneer Moche scholar Rafael Larco Hoyle, and the identification of the plant was seen as the largest remaining challenge in current archaebotany at the Peruvian North coast. The name Ulluchu seems to have been coined by Larco. According to his description, the name originated in the Virú River valley, and is supposedly of Mochica origin. However, there is no linguistic evidence that such a term indeed existed in the Mochica or Yunga language. We conclude that Ulluchu can be identified as a group of species of the genus Guarea (Meliaceae) based on morphological characteristics. In addition, the chemical composition of the plant's compounds supports the thesis that it was used in a sacrificial context to improve the extraction of blood from sacrificial victims. We also suggest that a ground preparation of Guarea seeds, when inhaled, may have been used as a hallucinogen. However, more detailed phytochemical research is needed to corroborate the latter hypothesis.
机译：Ulluchu的植物学特征是秘鲁前海岸公元100-800年兴盛的哥伦比亚前摩切文化中经常描绘的一种标志性水果，自1930年代开始在陶瓷中进行记录以来，科学家们对此一直lude之以鼻。乌鲁丘（Ulluchu）的Moche细线画通常描绘出在牺牲场景中漂浮在空中的种子荚或种子，这些种子与赛跑者，信使或陶醉的祭司有关。它是一种带凹槽的逗号形水果，带有扩大的花萼，主要出现在Moche陶瓷上绘制的细线场景中。这个词最初是在先驱Moche学者Rafael Larco Hoyle的工作中没有语言解释地出现的，而对植物的识别被认为是秘鲁北海岸目前考古学中最大的挑战。 Ulluchu这个名字似乎是Larco创造的。根据他的描述，这个名字起源于维鲁河谷，据说是莫奇卡的起源。但是，没有语言证据表明该术语确实存在于Mochica或Yunga语言中。我们得出的结论是，根据形态特征，可以将乌鲁丘（Ulluchu）鉴定为瓜亚科（Meliaceae）的一组物种。此外，植物化合物的化学成分支持这样的论点，即在牺牲环境中使用它来改善从牺牲受害者身上提取血液的能力。我们还建议，吸入瓜拉阿种子的地面制剂可能已被用作致幻剂。但是，需要更详细的植物化学研究来证实后一种假设。

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