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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Sustainable Development >Investigation of Sustainable and Affordable Housing Policy Principles and Formulation Adoptable in Kabul City, Afghanistan
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Investigation of Sustainable and Affordable Housing Policy Principles and Formulation Adoptable in Kabul City, Afghanistan

机译：阿富汗喀布尔市可采取的可持续和负担得起的住房政策原则和规定的调查

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In recent architectural and environmental research, principles of sustainability and affordability with respect to economic, environmental and social policies have been widely discussed on a worldwide scale. Urban housing planning can play a very important role in achieving sustainable growth and development by integrating ‘sustainable development principles’ into urban planning strategies, policies, programs and projects. In addition, affordability is at the heart of households’ efforts to improve their housing situation. It has been widely recognized that employment, income generation and access to housing are highly interrelated internationally. Housing affordability has become one of the dominant research topics in recent years. However, few studies have been undertaken to test the compatibility between affordable housing and sustainable housing. Sustainable and affordable development of housing, a basic unit of human settlement, is also a crucial component of social development in one community. It plays an important role in achieving sustainable development. The concept of shelter differs from individual to individual depending on culture, tradition, profession and way of living. Besides being a basic necessity, it is also a source of identity that has a significant effect on the overall psychological well being of the inhabitants. Sustainable-affordable habitat can be described as a way of developing and maintaining a living environment supporting human health (both physical and psychological), satisfying shelter needs, and protecting and preserving nature for future generations. This paper introduces a conceptual framework for defining housing problems from the perspective of the support of beneficiaries, and it seeks to analyze the effectiveness of Afghan national development policies in facilitating sustainable-affordable habitat across the country. The framework shows the interdependency of different aspects of sustainability in the process of housing development. It also sets out strategies and identifies policy initiatives required to realize the goal of sustainable-affordable habitat in Kabul. The principles developed in this paper can be generally applied and adopted in Afghanistan, a country that is less developed economically.A fundamental understanding of these two issues is necessary to develop successful examples of this form of accommodation. Because of three decades of socioeconomic and political instability in Afghanistan, the country does not have a national housing policy. This paper tries to create the foundation for an Afghan national housing policy. This research reveals that the majority of Kabul residents are low- or medium-income earners that cannot afford housing produced under market conditions. This paper aims to identify suitable built forms for housing that is both affordable and environmentally sustainable. A series of case studies were conducted to investigate some of the best international forms to be adopted in practices at the national scale. The research is conducted qualitatively, and the required data is acquired from a site survey of Kabul, in addition to data from new World Bank and JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) Master Plans. The result was the development of a framework that enables the assessment of the overall performance of various types of housing development. There is very little evidence that the present approach of housing provision linked to the vagaries of market forces has provided affordable housing, especially for government employees and low-income citizens. There is a need to incorporate social housing into a policy to assist people who cannot provide their own housing needs.
机译：在最近的建筑和环境研究中，关于经济，环境和社会政策的可持续性和可负担性原则已在全球范围内广泛讨论。通过将“可持续发展原则”纳入城市规划策略，政策，计划和项目，城市住房规划可以在实现可持续增长和发展中发挥非常重要的作用。此外，负担能力是家庭改善住房状况的核心。众所周知，就业，创收和获得住房在国际上是高度相关的。住房负担能力已成为近年来的主要研究主题之一。但是，很少进行研究来测试经济适用房和可持续住房之间的兼容性。住房的可持续和负担得起的发展是人类住区的基本单位，也是一个社区社会发展的重要组成部分。它在实现可持续发展中发挥着重要作用。庇护所的概念因文化，传统，职业和生活方式而异。除了作为基本必需品之外，它还是一种身份认同的来源，对居民的整体心理健康具有重大影响。负担得起的可持续生境可被描述为一种发展和维持支持人类健康（身心健康），满足住房需求以及为子孙后代保护和保存自然的生活环境的方式。本文从受益者的支持角度介绍了定义住房问题的概念框架，并试图分析阿富汗国家发展政策在促进全国范围内可持续的，负担得起的栖息地方面的有效性。该框架显示了住房发展过程中可持续性各个方面的相互依存关系。它还列出了战略并确定了实现喀布尔可持续可承受栖息地目标所需的政策计划。本文制定的原则可以在阿富汗这个经济欠发达的国家普遍应用和采用。对这两个问题的基本了解对于开发这种住宿形式的成功范例非常必要。由于阿富汗三十年来的社会经济和政治动荡，该国没有国家住房政策。本文试图为阿富汗国家住房政策奠定基础。这项研究表明，喀布尔大多数居民是中低收入者，无法负担市场条件下生产的住房。本文旨在确定价格适中且环境可持续的住房合适建筑形式。进行了一系列案例研究，以调查在国家范围内的实践中将采用的一些最佳国际形式。该研究是定性的，所需数据是从喀布尔的现场调查中获得的，此外还包括新的世界银行和日本国际协力机构（JICA）总体规划中的数据。结果就是开发了一个框架，该框架能够评估各种类型的住房开发的总体绩效。很少有证据表明，目前与市场力量多变有关的住房供应方式提供了负担得起的住房，特别是为政府雇员和低收入公民。有必要将社会住房纳入一项政策，以协助无法满足自己住房需求的人们。

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