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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Sustainable Development >Ecolabeling as a Sustainability Strategy for Smallholder Farming? The Emergence of Participatory Certification Systems in Brazil
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Ecolabeling as a Sustainability Strategy for Smallholder Farming? The Emergence of Participatory Certification Systems in Brazil

机译：生态标签是小农农业的可持续发展战略吗？巴西参与式认证体系的兴起

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This article explores the emergence of ecolabeling of organic products in the context of the contemporary debate on global risks related to food production and consumption, focusing in particular on the implications for smallholder farming in Brazil. Independent certification is sustained by technical and bureaucratic mechanisms, sanctioned by international organizations and multilateral agencies whose power structures encourage the production of rules and systems of enforcement. By contrast, local food movements and civil society initiatives point to the emergence of alternative, participatory forms of ecolabeling. These local organizations have come up with new ways of constructing collective quality seals and assurances for products. They have spurred debates on the technologies, power structures and risks associated with corporate agriculture, large-scale pesticide use and chemically grown produce. As an alternative, ecolabeling requires a multi-level articulation of smallholder farming, food cooperatives and farmer markets, in order to create a local certification system for eco-sustainable produce and maintain the sustainability of traditional modes of existence of small farmers. Grounded in a long-term ethnographic study among ecological family farming in the western region of Santa Catarina, Brazil, this paper examines ecolabeling legal frameworks both globally and locally. It highlights the complexity of the eco-labeling process in Brazil, a context where diverse farmers’ movements, non-governmental organizations and technical and State political actors grapple with questions relating to the social and economic values of sustainable organic agriculture. The data presented here is based on bibliographical, documental research and analysis of laws, decrees and norms. The study examines the recent historical process involving certification rules and regulations, especially those affecting agriculture. It also surveys the literature on the topic, bringing to light interpretive variations and other cases offering a contrast to Brazil’s experience.
机译：本文在有关食品生产和消费的全球风险的当代辩论的背景下，探讨了有机产品生态标签的出现，特别是对巴西小农农业的影响。独立认证由技术和官僚机制维持，并受到国际组织和多边机构的认可，这些组织的权力结构鼓励制定规则和执行系统。相比之下，当地的食品运动和民间社会倡议指出了生态标签的替代性，参与性形式的出现。这些本地组织提出了构建集体质量印章和产品保证的新方法。他们引发了关于与公司农业，大规模农药使用和化学种植产品相关的技术，动力结构和风险的辩论。作为替代方案，生态标签要求对小农，食品合作社和农民市场进行多层次的阐述，以便为生态可持续产品建立地方认证体系，并维持小农传统生存方式的可持续性。基于对巴西圣卡塔琳娜州西部地区生态家庭农业的长期民族志研究，本文研究了全球和本地的生态标签法律框架。它突显了巴西生态标签流程的复杂性，在此背景下，各种农民运动，非政府组织以及技术和国家政治参与者都在努力解决与可持续有机农业的社会和经济价值有关的问题。此处提供的数据基于书目，文献研究以及对法律，法令和规范的分析。该研究考察了最近的历史过程，涉及认证规则和法规，尤其是那些影响农业的规则。它还调查了有关该主题的文献，揭示了解释性的变化以及其他与巴西的经验形成对比的案例。

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