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Influence of Environmental Temperature on Postpartum Reproductive Potential of Kundhi Buffaloes

机译：环境温度对昆地水牛产后繁殖潜能的影响

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of various reproductive disorders and effect of calving seasons on postpartum estrus, uterine involution and service period and their relation on fertility of Kundhi buffaloes. For this purpose, 1000 advanced pregnant pluriparous buffaloes from 16 villages in the rural and peri-urban areas of district Hyderabad Sindh Pakistan were selected. These animals were divided into two main groups, group I had normal unassisted parturition (n=743) and group II with certain peri and post parturient complications (n=257). The retention of placenta, milk fever, dystocia, vaginal prolapse, uterine prolapse, endometritis, uterine involution, first postpartum estrus, service period and fertility rate were determined to evaluate the physiological effects of temperature on the complete suite of reproductive cycle during various seasons in a single year.It was revealed that among reproductive disorders the retention of placenta was highest (7.5%) followed by milk fever (6.7%), dystocia (5.2%), vaginal prolapse (2.5%), uterine prolapse (2.2%) and endometritis (1.6%). The time required for uterine involution was significantly (p<0.05) lower in group I compare to group II (40.35 vs. 45.95 days), in both of the groups the lowest and highest time required were in calving during winter and summer months respectively. The average days required for the first post-partum estrus in group I was significantly (p<0.05) shorter (113 days) than group II (155 days), in group I the earliest (61.33 days) time period was recorded in month of August and longer time (171 days) was required during March, in group II the minimum time required was (131 days) in October month and was maximum (193 days) during March. The average time required for the service period in group I was significantly (p<0.05) lower (115.84), than group II (163.56 days). In group I, the minimum (61.33 days) and maximum (170.87 days) were required when calved in months of December and June respectively. In group II the minimum i.e. 132.50 days and maximum (200.25 days) were required when calved in month of November and January respectively. In group I, the fertility rate was highest (72%) when calved during August month and was lowest (33%) in May, in group II the highest (53%) and lowest (6%) fertility rates were observed during calvings months of December and July respectively. In conclusion, it was found that Kundhi buffaloes were more prone to postpartum reproductive disorders with environmental temperature. The processes of postpartum ovarian activity, the uterine involution were adversely affected during calving in hot summer months and parturition related disorders adversely affect the reproductive efficiency which consequently hampered the fertility of buffaloes.
机译：这项研究的目的是评估各种生殖系统疾病的发生率以及产犊季节对产后发情，子宫复旧和服务期的影响及其与昆地水牛繁殖力的关系。为此，从巴基斯坦海得拉巴信德省的农村和郊区地区的16个村庄中选出了1000个高级孕妇多胎牛。这些动物分为两个主要组，第一组具有正常的无辅助分娩（n = 743），第二组具有一定的围产期和产后并发症（n = 257）。确定胎盘，乳热，难产，难产，阴道脱垂，子宫脱垂，子宫内膜炎，子宫复旧，第一次产后发情，服役期和生育率的保留率，以评估温度对整个季节不同生育周期的生理影响。结果表明，在生殖系统疾病中，胎盘的保留率最高（7.5％），其次是乳热（6.7％），难产（5.2％），阴道脱垂（2.5％），子宫脱垂（2.2％）和子宫内膜炎（1.6％）。与第二组相比，第一组子宫退缩所需的时间明显减少（p <0.05）（40.35天相对于45.95天），这两个组中分娩的最低和最高时间分别是在冬季和夏季。 I组第一次产后发情所需的平均天数（113天）比II组（155天）短（p <0.05）显着（p <0.05），I组最早（61.33天）的时间段记录为在三月份需要八月和更长的时间（171天），在第二组中，十月份的最小时间是（131天），三月份是最大时间（193天）。与第二组（163.56天）相比，第一组的服务时间平均所需时间（115.84）显着降低（p <0.05）。在第一组中，分别在12月和6月分娩时需要最小（61.33天）和最大（170.87天）。在第二组中，分别在11月和1月产犊时需要最少的时间，即132.50天和最多的时间（200.25天）。在第一组中，八月月份产犊时的生育率最高（72％），在五月中最低（33％），第二组在产犊月份中观察到最高（53％）和最低（6％）分别为12月和7月。总之，发现昆迪水牛在环境温度下更容易发生产后生殖系统疾病。在炎热的夏季产犊期间，产后卵巢活动，子宫复旧过程受到不利影响，而与分娩有关的疾病则对生殖效率产生不利影响，从而阻碍了水牛的繁殖力。

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