Primary mediastinal leiomyomas are extremely rare, its etiology unknown, and up to the present has only been described in a few cases in the English literature. In this case report, we describe a 3-year-old girl with asymptomatic left upper quadrant abdominal mass. Chest computed tomography demonstrated a giant solid mass in the anterior mediastinum, which extended to the right hemi-thorax and left upper quadrant abdomen. Fortunately, the girl underwent a complete surgical tumor resection. The definitive diagnosis was primary mediastinal leiomyoma. To our best knowledge, this is the second case report of primary mediastinal leiomyoma of child.
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