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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science >Ernest Everett Just, PhD: Pioneer in Ecological Developmental (Eco-Devo) Biology
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Ernest Everett Just, PhD: Pioneer in Ecological Developmental (Eco-Devo) Biology

机译：欧内斯特·埃弗里特·贾斯特（Ernest Everett Just）博士：生态发展（Eco-Devo）生物学的先驱

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Ernest Everett Just, a pioneering American biologist, discovered the fundamental role of the environment in the development of embryos. His work led to the creation of the area of biology known as ecological developmental (Eco-Devo) biology. However, both his work and the context of his scientific contributions are not widely known. His work covered a diversity of fields of biology, including marine biology, cytology, and parthogenesis (asexual reproduction where growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization). His findings provided important concepts in developmental biology that are used to this day. Specifically, he demonstrated the importance of the cellular cytoplasm and ectoplasm, in addition to the nucleus, in determining how development occurs in embryos. His worked was unique for its use of in vivo conditions using a variety of marine organisms. His publications on the “Basic Methods for Experiments on Eggs of Marine Mammals” in 1922 and “The Biology of the Cell Surface” in 1939 are still regarded as two of the most comprehensive reviews in cell biology. In this manuscript we present Dr. Just’s childhood in Charleston, SC, unlikely attendance and success at Dartmouth College, and his groundbreaking work, which was developed at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) at Woods Hole, Europe, and Howard University.
机译：美国生物学家开创者欧内斯特·埃弗里特·贾斯特（Ernest Everett Just）发现了环境在胚胎发育中的基本作用。他的工作导致创建了被称为生态发展（Eco-Devo）生物学的生物学领域。但是，他的工作和他的科学贡献的背景都未广为人知。他的工作涵盖了生物学的各个领域，包括海洋生物学，细胞学和单性生殖（无性繁殖，其中胚胎的生长和发育无需受精即可发生）。他的发现提供了当今发展生物学中的重要概念。具体来说，他证明了细胞核和胞质（除了细胞核）在确定胚胎发育过程中的重要性。他的作品在利用各种海洋生物的体内条件方面具有独特性。他在1922年发表的“海洋哺乳动物卵的实验基本方法”和1939年发表的“细胞表面生物学”的著作仍被视为细胞生物学中最全面的两篇评论。在这份手稿中，我们介绍了贾斯汀（Just）博士在南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿（Charleston）的童年，他在达特茅斯学院（Dartmouth College）的出勤率和成功率不高，他的开创性工作是由欧洲伍兹霍尔（Woods Hole）的海洋生物实验室（MBL）和霍华德大学开发的。

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