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Smartphone-Based Self-Assessment of Stress in Healthy Adult Individuals: A Systematic Review

机译：基于智能手机的健康成年人压力自我评估：系统评价

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Background: Stress is a common experience in today’s society. Smartphone ownership is widespread, and smartphones can be used to monitor health and well-being. Smartphone-based self-assessment of stress can be done in naturalistic settings and may potentially reflect real-time stress level.Objective: The objectives of this systematic review were to evaluate (1) the use of smartphones to measure self-assessed stress in healthy adult individuals, (2) the validity of smartphone-based self-assessed stress compared with validated stress scales, and (3) the association between smartphone-based self-assessed stress and smartphone generated objective data.Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature was reported and conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The scientific databases PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, IEEE, and ACM were searched and supplemented by a hand search of reference lists. The databases were searched for original studies involving healthy individuals older than 18 years, measuring self-assessed stress using smartphones.Results: A total of 35 published articles comprising 1464 individuals were included for review. According to the objectives, (1) study designs were heterogeneous, and smartphone-based self-assessed stress was measured using various methods (e.g., dichotomized questions on stress, yes or no; Likert scales on stress; and questionnaires); (2) the validity of smartphone-based self-assessed stress compared with validated stress scales was investigated in 3 studies, and of these, only 1 study found a moderate statistically significant positive correlation (r=.4; P<.05); and (3) in exploratory analyses, smartphone-based self-assessed stress was found to correlate with some of the reported smartphone generated objective data, including voice features and data on activity and phone usage.Conclusions: Smartphones are being used to measure self-assessed stress in different contexts. The evidence of the validity of smartphone-based self-assessed stress is limited and should be investigated further. Smartphone generated objective data can potentially be used to monitor, predict, and reduce stress levels.
机译：背景：压力是当今社会的普遍经历。智能手机的所有权非常广泛，智能手机可用于监控健康状况。基于智能手机的压力自我评估可以在自然环境中进行，并且可能反映实时压力水平。目的：本系统综述的目的是评估（1）在健康人群中使用智能手机测量自我评估的压力成人，（2）基于智能手机的自我评估压力与经过验证的压力量表的有效性，以及（3）基于智能手机的自我评估压力与智能手机生成的客观数据之间的关联。方法：对科学方法的系统评价根据《系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目》（PRISMA）声明对文献进行了报道和进行。搜索科学数据库PubMed，PsycINFO，Embase，IEEE和ACM，并通过手工搜索参考列表进行补充。在数据库中搜索了涉及18岁以上健康个体的原始研究，这些个体使用智能手机测量自我评估的压力。结果：共纳入35篇发表的文章，包括1464名个体，以供审查。根据目标，（1）研究设计是异类的，并且使用各种方法（例如，将压力分为两部分，是或否;对压力的李克特量表和问卷）来测量基于智能手机的自我评估压力; （2）在3项研究中研究了基于智能手机的自我评估压力与经过验证的压力量表的有效性，其中只有1项研究发现了中等的统计学显着正相关（r = .4; P <.05）; （3）在探索性分析中，发现基于智能手机的自我评估压力与一些报告的智能手机生成的客观数据相关，包括语音功能以及有关活动和电话使用情况的数据。在不同情况下评估压力。基于智能手机的自我评估压力的有效性的证据有限，应进一步研究。智能手机生成的客观数据可以潜在地用于监视，预测和减少压力水平。

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