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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Genomics >Comparative genomic analyses of nickel, cobalt and vitamin B12 utilization
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Comparative genomic analyses of nickel, cobalt and vitamin B12 utilization

机译：镍，钴和维生素B12利用的比较基因组分析

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Background Nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) are trace elements required for a variety of biological processes. Ni is directly coordinated by proteins, whereas Co is mainly used as a component of vitamin B12. Although a number of Ni and Co-dependent enzymes have been characterized, systematic evolutionary analyses of utilization of these metals are limited. Results We carried out comparative genomic analyses to examine occurrence and evolutionary dynamics of the use of Ni and Co at the level of (i) transport systems, and (ii) metalloproteomes. Our data show that both metals are widely used in bacteria and archaea. Cbi/NikMNQO is the most common prokaryotic Ni/Co transporter, while Ni-dependent urease and Ni-Fe hydrogenase, and B12-dependent methionine synthase (MetH), ribonucleotide reductase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase are the most widespread metalloproteins for Ni and Co, respectively. Occurrence of other metalloenzymes showed a mosaic distribution and a new B12-dependent protein family was predicted. Deltaproteobacteria and Methanosarcina generally have larger Ni- and Co-dependent proteomes. On the other hand, utilization of these two metals is limited in eukaryotes, and very few of these organisms utilize both of them. The Ni-utilizing eukaryotes are mostly fungi (except saccharomycotina) and plants, whereas most B12-utilizing organisms are animals. The NiCoT transporter family is the most widespread eukaryotic Ni transporter, and eukaryotic urease and MetH are the most common Ni- and B12-dependent enzymes, respectively. Finally, investigation of environmental and other conditions and identity of organisms that show dependence on Ni or Co revealed that host-associated organisms (particularly obligate intracellular parasites and endosymbionts) have a tendency for loss of Ni/Co utilization. Conclusion Our data provide information on the evolutionary dynamics of Ni and Co utilization and highlight widespread use of these metals in the three domains of life, yet only a limited number of user proteins.
机译：背景镍（Ni）和钴（Co）是多种生物过程所需的微量元素。 Ni由蛋白质直接调节，而Co主要用作维生素B 12 的成分。尽管已鉴定了许多Ni和Co依赖性酶，但对利用这些金属进行系统的进化分析仍然有限。结果我们进行了比较基因组分析，以研究（i）转运系统和（ii）金属蛋白质组水平上镍和钴的使用发生和演化动力学。我们的数据表明，两种金属都广泛用于细菌和古细菌中。 Cbi / NikMNQO是最常见的原核Ni / Co转运蛋白，而Ni依赖性脲酶和Ni-Fe氢化酶，以及B 12 甲硫氨酸合酶（MetH），核糖核苷酸还原酶和甲基丙二酰CoA突变酶是最常见的。分别是Ni和Co中最广泛的金属蛋白。其他金属酶的出现呈马赛克分布，并预测了一个新的依赖B 12 的蛋白家族。 Deltaproteobacteria和Methanosarcina通常具有较大的Ni和Co依赖性蛋白质组。另一方面，在真核生物中对这两种金属的利用受到限制，并且这些生物中很少有两种利用它们。利用镍的真核生物主要是真菌（除了酵母菌）和植物，而大多数利用B 12 的生物是动物。 NiCoT转运蛋白家族是最广泛的真核Ni转运蛋白，而真核脲酶和MetH分别是最常见的Ni和B 12 依赖性酶。最后，对环境和其他条件以及对镍或钴有依赖性的生物的身份调查表明，与宿主相关的生物（特别是专性的细胞内寄生虫和共生共生体）有丧失镍/钴利用的趋势。结论我们的数据提供了有关镍和钴利用的演变动态的信息，并强调了这些金属在生命的三个领域中的广泛使用，但用户蛋白质的数量有限。

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