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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Genomics >Complex gene expression in the dragline silk producing glands of the Western black widow (Latrodectus hesperus)
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Complex gene expression in the dragline silk producing glands of the Western black widow (Latrodectus hesperus)

机译：西部黑寡妇（Latrodectus hesperus）的产生拉丝的丝腺中的复杂基因表达

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Background Orb-web and cob-web weaving spiders spin dragline silk fibers that are among the strongest materials known. Draglines are primarily composed of MaSp1 and MaSp2, two spidroins (spider fibrous proteins) expressed in the major ampullate (MA) silk glands. Prior genetic studies of dragline silk have focused mostly on determining the sequence of these spidroins, leaving other genetic aspects of silk synthesis largely uncharacterized. Results Here, we used deep sequencing to profile gene expression patterns in the Western black widow, Latrodectus hesperus. We sequenced millions of 3′-anchored “tags” of cDNAs derived either from MA glands or control tissue (cephalothorax) mRNAs, then associated the tags with genes by compiling a reference database from our newly constructed normalized L. hesperus cDNA library and published L. hesperus sequences. We were able to determine transcript abundance and alternative polyadenylation of each of three loci encoding MaSp1. The ratio of MaSp1:MaSp2 transcripts varied between individuals, but on average was similar to the estimated ratio of MaSp1:MaSp2 in dragline fibers. We also identified transcription of TuSp1 in MA glands, another spidroin family member that encodes the primary component of egg-sac silk, synthesized in tubuliform glands. In addition to the spidroin paralogs, we identified 30 genes that are more abundantly represented in MA glands than cephalothoraxes and represent new candidates for involvement in spider silk synthesis. Conclusions Modulating expression rates of MaSp1 variants as well as MaSp2 and TuSp1 could lead to differences in mechanical properties of dragline fibers. Many of the newly identified candidate genes likely encode secreted proteins, suggesting they could be incorporated into dragline fibers or assist in protein processing and fiber assembly. Our results demonstrate previously unrecognized transcript complexity in spider silk glands.
机译：背景Orb-web和cob-web的编织蜘蛛使拉力丝丝绸纤维旋转，拉丝是已知最强的材料。拉铲绳主要由MaSp1和MaSp2组成，MaSp1和MaSp2是在主要壶腹（MA）丝腺中表达的两种spidroins（蜘蛛纤维蛋白）。拉铲丝的先前遗传研究主要集中在确定这些蜘蛛蛋白的序列，而丝合成的其他遗传方面则基本上没有特征。结果在这里，我们使用深度测序来分析西方黑寡妇（Latrodectus hesperus）的基因表达模式。我们对数百万个3'锚定的，从MA腺或对照组织（头胸部）mRNA衍生的cDNA的“标签”进行了测序，然后通过编译来自我们新构建的标准化的hesperus cDNA文库的参考数据库并发布了L hesperus序列。我们能够确定每个编码MaSp1的三个基因座的转录丰度和多聚腺苷酸。不同个体之间，MaSp1：MaSp2转录本的比率各不相同，但平均而言与拉丝纤维中MaSp1：MaSp2的估计比率相似。我们还确定了TuSp1在MA腺体中的转录，MA腺体是另一个蛛丝蛋白家族成员，编码在卵形腺体中合成的卵囊丝的主要成分。除了spidroin旁系同源物，我们确定了30个基因，它们在MA腺体中的表达比头胸部类更为丰富，并且代表了参与蜘蛛丝合成的新候选基因。结论调节MaSp1变体以及MaSp2和TuSp1的表达率可能会导致牵引铲纤维的机械性能差异。许多新近鉴定的候选基因可能会编码分泌的蛋白质，这表明它们可以整合到拉铲纤维中或协助蛋白质加工和纤维组装。我们的结果证明了蜘蛛丝腺中以前无法识别的转录本复杂性。

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