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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Genomics >The venus kinase receptor (VKR) family: structure and evolution
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The venus kinase receptor (VKR) family: structure and evolution

机译：维纳斯激酶受体（VKR）家族：结构与进化

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Background Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) form a family of transmembrane proteins widely conserved in Metazoa, with key functions in cell-to-cell communication and control of multiple cellular processes. A new family of RTK named Venus Kinase Receptor (VKR) has been described in invertebrates. The VKR receptor possesses a Venus Fly Trap (VFT) extracellular module, a bilobate structure that binds small ligands to induce receptor kinase activity. VKR was shown to be highly expressed in the larval stages and gonads of several invertebrates, suggesting that it could have functions in development and/or reproduction. Results Analysis of recent genomic data has allowed us to extend the presence of VKR to five bilaterian phyla (Platyhelminthes, Arthropoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Echinodermata) as well as to the Cnidaria phylum. The presence of NveVKR in the early-branching metazoan Nematostella vectensis suggested that VKR arose before the bilaterian radiation. Phylogenetic and gene structure analyses showed that the 40 receptors identified in 36 animal species grouped monophyletically, and likely evolved from a common ancestor. Multiple alignments of tyrosine kinase (TK) and VFT domains indicated their important level of conservation in all VKRs identified up to date. We showed that VKRs had inducible activity upon binding of extracellular amino-acids and molecular modeling of the VFT domain confirmed the structure of the conserved amino-acid binding site. Conclusions This study highlights the presence of VKR in a large number of invertebrates, including primitive metazoans like cnidarians, but also its absence from nematodes and chordates. This little-known RTK family deserves to be further explored in order to determine its evolutionary origin, its possible interest for the emergence and specialization of Metazoa, and to understand its function in invertebrate development and/or reproductive biology.
机译：背景受体酪氨酸激酶（RTK）形成了广泛存在于后生动物中的跨膜蛋白家族，在细胞与细胞之间的通讯和控制多个细胞过程中起关键作用。无脊椎动物描述了一个新的RTK家族，称为维纳斯激酶受体（VKR）。 VKR受体具有维纳斯捕蝇器（VFT）的细胞外模块，这是一种结合小配体以诱导受体激酶活性的双叶状结构。 VKR被证明在几种无脊椎动物的幼虫阶段和性腺中高表达，表明它可能在发育和/或繁殖中具有功能。结果对最新基因组数据的分析使我们能够将VKR的存在扩展到五个双侧门（Platyhelminthes，节肢动物，Annelida，软体动物，Echinodermata）以及Cndaria门。 NveVKR在早期分支后生线虫线虫中的存在表明，VKR在双核辐射之前就出现了。系统发育和基因结构分析表明，在36种动物中鉴定出的40种受体是单系的，并且可能是从共同祖先进化而来的。酪氨酸激酶（TK）和VFT域的多重比对表明，它们在最新鉴定的所有VKR中的重要保守程度。我们表明VKRs结合细胞外氨基酸具有诱导活性，VFT域的分子模型证实了保守的氨基酸结合位点的结构。结论本研究着重说明了VKR在大量无脊椎动物中的存在，包括原始的后生动物（如cnidarians），以及线虫和脊索动物中都不存在的VKR。这个鲜为人知的RTK家族值得进一步探索，以确定其进化起源，对后生动物的出现和专业化的可能兴趣，并了解其在无脊椎动物发育和/或生殖生物学中的功能。

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