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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Genomics >The mitochondrial genomes of Ancylostoma caninum and Bunostomum phlebotomum – two hookworms of animal health and zoonotic importance
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The mitochondrial genomes of Ancylostoma caninum and Bunostomum phlebotomum – two hookworms of animal health and zoonotic importance

机译：犬小食囊和食肉牛的线粒体基因组-两种对动物健康和人畜共患病具有重要意义的钩虫

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Background Hookworms are blood-feeding nematodes that parasitize the small intestines of many mammals, including humans and cattle. These nematodes are of major socioeconomic importance and cause disease, mainly as a consequence of anaemia (particularly in children or young animals), resulting in impaired development and sometimes deaths. Studying genetic variability within and among hookworm populations is central to addressing epidemiological and ecological questions, thus assisting in the control of hookworm disease. Mitochondrial (mt) genes are known to provide useful population markers for hookworms, but mt genome sequence data are scant. Results The present study characterizes the complete mt genomes of two species of hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum (from dogs) and Bunostomum phlebotomum (from cattle), each sequenced (by 454 technology or primer-walking), following long-PCR amplification from genomic DNA (~20–40 ng) isolated from individual adult worms. These mt genomes were 13717 bp and 13790 bp in size, respectively, and each contained 12 protein coding, 22 transfer RNA and 2 ribosomal RNA genes, typical for other secernentean nematodes. In addition, phylogenetic analysis (by Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood) of concatenated mt protein sequence data sets for 12 nematodes (including Ancylostoma caninum and Bunostomum phlebotomum), representing the Ascaridida, Spirurida and Strongylida, was conducted. The analysis yielded maximum statistical support for the formation of monophyletic clades for each recognized nematode order assessed, except for the Rhabditida. Conclusion The mt genomes characterized herein represent a rich source of population genetic markers for epidemiological and ecological studies. The strong statistical support for the construction of phylogenetic clades and consistency between the two different tree-building methods employed indicate the value of using whole mt genome data sets for systematic studies of nematodes. The grouping of the Spirurida and Ascaridida to the exclusion of the Strongylida was not supported in the present analysis, a finding which conflicts with the current evolutionary hypothesis for the Nematoda based on nuclear ribosomal gene data.
机译：背景钩虫是吸食血液的线虫，寄生于许多哺乳动物（包括人和牛）的小肠。这些线虫具有重要的社会经济意义，并引起疾病，这主要是由于贫血（尤其是在儿童或幼小的动物中）引起的，导致发育受损，有时甚至死亡。研究钩虫种群内部和种群之间的遗传变异性是解决流行病学和生态学问题的中心，因此有助于控制钩虫疾病。已知线粒体（mt）基因可为钩虫提供有用的种群标记，但mt基因组序列数据很少。结果本研究表征了两种钩虫的完整mt基因组特征，犬种的Ancylostoma caninum（来自狗）和Flourtomum phlebotomum（来自牛），通过从基因组DNA的长PCR扩增（通过454技术或引物行走）进行了测序大约20–40 ng）是从单个成虫体内分离出来的。这些mt基因组的大小分别为13717 bp和13790 bp，每个包含12个蛋白质编码，22个转移RNA和2个核糖体RNA基因，这是其他第二线虫的典型特征。此外，还进行了系统发育分析（通过贝叶斯推论和最大似然法），对代表线虫的12个线虫（包括犬小Ancylostoma caninum和Bunostomum phlebotomum）的mt蛋白序列数据集进行了系统发育分析。该分析为评估的每个公认的线虫顺序（除了Rhabditida以外）的单系进化枝的形成提供了最大的统计支持。结论本文表征的mt基因组代表了流行病学和生态学研究的丰富的群体遗传标记。为系统进化枝的构建提供了有力的统计支持，并采用了两种不同的树木构建方法之间的一致性表明使用整个线粒体基因组数据集进行线虫系统研究的价值。本分析中不支持将螺旋藻和A虫类归类为强虫科，这一发现与基于核糖体基因数据的线虫的当前进化假说相矛盾。

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