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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Genomics >Effects of genotype and dietary fish oil replacement with vegetable oil on the intestinal transcriptome and proteome of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
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Effects of genotype and dietary fish oil replacement with vegetable oil on the intestinal transcriptome and proteome of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

机译：基因型和食用鱼油替代植物油对大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）肠道转录组和蛋白质组的影响

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Background Expansion of aquaculture requires alternative feeds and breeding strategies to reduce dependency on fish oil (FO) and better utilization of dietary vegetable oil (VO). Despite the central role of intestine in maintaining body homeostasis and health, its molecular response to replacement of dietary FO by VO has been little investigated. This study employed transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to study effects of dietary VO in two family groups of Atlantic salmon selected for flesh lipid content, 'Lean' or 'Fat'. Results Metabolism, particularly of lipid and energy, was the functional category most affected by diet. Important effects were also measured in ribosomal proteins and signalling. The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis pathway, assessed by fatty acid composition and gene expression, was influenced by genotype. Intestinal tissue contents of docosahexaenoic acid were equivalent in Lean salmon fed either a FO or VO diet and expression of LC-PUFA biosynthesis genes was up-regulated in VO-fed fish in Fat salmon. Dietary VO increased lipogenesis in Lean fish, assessed by expression of FAS, while no effect was observed on β-oxidation although transcripts of the mitochondrial respiratory chain were down-regulated, suggesting less active energetic metabolism in fish fed VO. In contrast, dietary VO up-regulated genes and proteins involved in detoxification, antioxidant defence and apoptosis, which could be associated with higher levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in this diet. Regarding genotype, the following pathways were identified as being differentially affected: proteasomal proteolysis, response to oxidative and cellular stress (xenobiotic and oxidant metabolism and heat shock proteins), apoptosis and structural proteins particularly associated with tissue contractile properties. Genotype effects were accentuated by dietary VO. Conclusions Intestinal metabolism was affected by diet and genotype. Lean fish may have higher responsiveness to low dietary n-3 LC-PUFA, up-regulating the biosynthetic pathway when fed dietary VO. As global aquaculture searches for alternative oils for feeds, this study alerts to the potential of VO introducing contaminants and demonstrates the detoxifying role of intestine. Finally, data indicate genotype-specific responses in the intestinal transcriptome and proteome to dietary VO, including possibly structural properties of the intestinal layer and defence against cellular stress, with Lean fish being more susceptible to diet-induced oxidative stress.
机译：背景技术扩大水产养殖需要替代饲料和育种策略，以减少对鱼油（FO）的依赖并更好地利用膳食植物油（VO）。尽管肠道在维持人体体内稳态和健康方面发挥着核心作用，但很少有人研究其对VO替代膳食FO的分子反应。这项研究采用了转录组学和蛋白质组学分析，以研究饮食中VO对两个大西洋鲑族家庭肉类脂肪含量“瘦肉”或“脂肪”的影响。结果代谢特别是脂质和能量的代谢是受饮食影响最大的功能类别。还测量了核糖体蛋白和信号转导的重要作用。通过脂肪酸组成和基因表达评估的长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）生物合成途径受基因型的影响。饲喂FO或VO的瘦鲑鱼中二十二碳六烯酸的肠组织含量是相等的，并且在肥鲑鱼的VO饲喂鱼中LC-PUFA生物合成基因的表达上调。通过FAS的表达评估，饮食中的VO增加了瘦鱼的脂肪生成，尽管线粒体呼吸链的转录物被下调，但未观察到β-氧化的影响，表明饲喂VO的鱼体内的活力代谢较弱。相反，饮食中的VO上调涉及排毒，抗氧化剂防御和细胞凋亡的基因和蛋白质，这可能与这种饮食中多环芳烃的含量较高有关。关于基因型，确定了以下途径受到不同的影响：蛋白酶体蛋白水解，对氧化和细胞应激（异生物和氧化剂代谢以及热休克蛋白）的反应，凋亡和特别与组织收缩特性有关的结构蛋白。基因型效应通过饮食中的VO来增强。结论肠道代谢受饮食和基因型的影响。瘦鱼对低饮食的n-3 LC-PUFA可能具有更高的响应能力，在饲喂饮食VO时会上调生物合成途径。随着全球水产养殖业寻找替代油作为饲料，这项研究提醒了VO引入污染物的潜力，并证明了肠的解毒作用。最后，数据表明肠道转录组和蛋白质组中基因型特异性反应对饮食VO的影响，可能包括肠层的结构特性和对细胞应激的防御作用，其中瘦鱼更容易受到饮食诱导的氧化应激的影响。

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