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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Public Health >Social disparities in parental smoking and young children’s exposure to secondhand smoke at home: a time-trend analysis of repeated cross-sectional data from the German KiGGS study between 2003-2006 and 2009-2012
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Social disparities in parental smoking and young children’s exposure to secondhand smoke at home: a time-trend analysis of repeated cross-sectional data from the German KiGGS study between 2003-2006 and 2009-2012

机译：父母吸烟和幼儿在家中二手烟暴露方面的社会差异：对德国KiGGS研究在2003-2006年至2009-2012年间重复进行的横截面数据的时间趋势分析

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Background Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) have an increased risk of a wide range of health problems and illnesses. Smoke-free legislation aims to improve indoor air quality and in this way protect the health of people who do not smoke. This paper examines trends in SHS exposure at home among children in Germany since the introduction of smoking bans in public places. Special focus is placed on the importance of the family of origin’s socioeconomic status (SES) and on parental smoking behaviour. Methods The analyses are based on two waves of the “German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents” (KiGGS)—one of which was conducted immediately before the introduction of central smoke-free legislation in the 2003-2006 period, the other approximately 6?years later from 2009 to 2012. A comparison is made between the answers given by the parents of children aged between 0 to 6 (KiGGS baseline study, n =?6680; KiGGS Wave 1, n =?4455). Domestic SHS exposure is covered in the parent interviews by asking whether anyone is allowed to smoke at home in the presence of their child. Parental smoking behaviour is determined separately for mothers and fathers. SES is determined on the basis of the parents’ education, occupational status and income. Results The percentage of 0- to 6-year-old children exposed to SHS in the parental home fell from 23.9 to 6.6?% in the period from 2003-2006 to 2009-2012. At the same time, the percentage of children with at least one parent who smokes decreased from 49.8 to 41.8?%. While relative social inequalities in parental smoking behaviour have tended to increase over time, inequalities in domestic SHS exposure have persisted. Children whose parents smoke and children from low-SES families are still most likely to be exposed to tobacco smoke. In both study periods and after statistical adjustment for parental smoking behaviour, children with a low SES had a 6.6-fold higher risk for SHS exposure in the parental home than children from high-SES households. Conclusions The results of the KiGGS study show that the proportion of children in Germany who are exposed to SHS at home has declined significantly over the last few years. There is much to suggest that the smoke-free legislation that has been introduced in Germany has led to a heightened awareness of the health risks of SHS both in public and in the private sphere, as well as to a denormalization of smoking. Children whose parents smoke, and among them particularly children from socially disadvantaged families, should be recognised as key target groups when implementing future tobacco-control measures.
机译：背景技术暴露于二手烟（SHS）的儿童患各种健康问题和疾病的风险增加。无烟立法旨在改善室内空气质量，并以此保护不吸烟者的健康。本文研究了自从公共场所禁止吸烟以来，德国儿童在家中接触SHS的趋势。特别关注原籍家庭的社会经济地位（SES）的重要性以及父母吸烟行为的重要性。方法该分析基于“德国儿童和青少年健康面试和检查调查”（KiGGS）的两次浪潮，其中两次浪潮是在2003-2006年中央无烟立法出台之前进行的，另一浪潮是从2009年至2012年大约6年后。比较了0至6岁儿童父母的回答（KiGGS基线研究，n = 6680; KiGGS Wave 1，n = 4455）。家长访谈中询问是否允许任何人在有孩子在场的情况下在家吸烟，从而暴露了家庭SHS。父母和父母的吸烟行为是分别确定的。 SES是根据父母的学历，职业状况和收入确定的。结果在2003-2006年至2009-2012年期间，父母家庭中暴露于SHS的0至6岁儿童的百分比从23.9％下降至6.6％。同时，有至少一名父母吸烟的孩子的比例从49.8％下降到41.8％。虽然父母吸烟行为中的相对社会不平等现象随着时间的推移而趋于加剧，但家庭SHS暴露中的不平等现象仍然持续存在。父母吸烟的孩子和低SES家庭的孩子仍然最有可能接触烟草烟雾。在两个研究阶段以及对父母吸烟行为进行统计调整后，SES较低的儿童在父母家庭中接触SHS的风险比高SES家庭的儿童高6.6倍。结论KiGGS研究的结果表明，在过去几年中，德国在家中接触SHS的儿童比例显着下降。有很多建议表明，德国实施的无烟立法导致公众和私人领域对SHS健康风险的认识提高，并使吸烟不规范。在实施未来的控烟措施时，应将父母吸烟的儿童，特别是来自社会弱势家庭的儿童作为主要目标人群。

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