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Systematic review of the relationships between physical activity and health indicators in the early years (0-4?years)

机译：对早期（0-4岁）体育锻炼与健康指标之间关系的系统评价

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Given the rapid development during the early years (0-4?years), an understanding of the health implications of physical activity is needed. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between objectively and subjectively measured physical activity and health indicators in the early years. Electronic databases were originally searched in April, 2016. Included studies needed to be peer-reviewed, written in English or French, and meet a priori study criteria. The population was apparently healthy children aged 1?month to 59.99?months/4.99?years. The intervention/exposure was objectively and subjectively measured physical activity. The comparator was various volumes, durations, frequencies, patterns, types, and intensities of physical activity. The outcomes were health indicators ranked as critical (adiposity, motor development, psychosocial health, cognitive development, fitness) and important (bone and skeletal health, cardiometabolic health, and risks/harm). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to assess the quality of evidence for each health indicator by each study design. Ninety-six studies representing 71,291 unique participants from 36 countries were included. Physical activity interventions were consistently (>60% of studies) associated with improved motor and cognitive development, and psychosocial and cardiometabolic health. Across observational studies, physical activity was consistently associated with favourable motor development, fitness, and bone and skeletal health. For intensity, light- and moderate-intensity physical activity were not consistently associated with any health indicators, whereas moderate- to vigorous-intensity, vigorous-intensity, and total physical activity were consistently favourably associated with multiple health indicators. Across study designs, consistent favourable associations with health indicators were observed for a variety of types of physical activity, including active play, aerobic, dance, prone position (infants; ≤1?year), and structured/organized. Apart from ≥30?min/day of the prone position for infants, the most favourable frequency and duration of physical activity was unclear. However, more physical activity appeared better for health. Evidence ranged from “very low” to “high” quality. Specific types of physical activity, total physical activity, and physical activity of at least moderate- to vigorous-intensity were consistently favourably associated with multiple health indicators. The majority of evidence was in preschool-aged children (3-4?years). Findings will inform evidence-based guidelines.
机译：鉴于早期（0-4年）的快速发展，需要了解体育锻炼对健康的影响。这项系统回顾的目的是检查早期客观和主观测量的体育活动与健康指标之间的关系。电子数据库最初于2016年4月进行搜索。所包括的研究需要进行同行评审，以英语或法语撰写，并符合先验研究标准。人口显然是年龄在1个月至59.99个月/4.99岁之间的健康儿童。干预/接触是客观和主观测量身体活动的指标。比较者的身体活动量，持续时间，频率，方式，类型和强度各不相同。结果是将健康指标分为严重（肥胖，运动发育，心理社会健康，认知发展，健康状况）和重要（骨骼和骨骼健康，心脏代谢健康以及风险/危害）。建议评估，发展和评估分级（GRADE）框架用于评估每个研究设计的每个健康指标的证据质量。包括来自36个国家的71,291名独特参与者的96项研究被纳入。持续进行体育锻炼（> 60％的研究）与改善运动和认知发展以及心理社会和心脏代谢健康相关。在观察性研究中，体育锻炼始终与良好的运动发育，体能以及骨骼和骨骼健康相关。就强度而言，轻度和中等强度的体育活动与任何健康指标均未始终相关，而中度至剧烈强度，剧烈强度和总体育活动始终与多种健康指标相关。在整个研究设计中，观察到各种体育活动类型与健康指标的一致性良好相关性，包括活跃的游戏，有氧运动，舞蹈，俯卧位（婴儿;≤1岁）以及结构化/组织化。除了≥30？min / day的婴儿俯卧位以外，尚不清楚最有利的体育锻炼频率和持续时间。但是，更多的体育锻炼似乎对健康有益。证据的范围从“非常低”到“高质量”。特定类型的体育活动，总体育活动以及至少中等强度到剧烈强度的体育活动始终与多种健康指标相关联。大多数证据是学龄前儿童（3-4岁）。研究结果将为循证指南提供依据。

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