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Scope of the problem: epidemiology of anemia and use of blood transfusions in critical care

机译：问题的范围：贫血的流行病学和重症监护中的输血

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Anemia is a common problem in critically ill patients. It is caused, in part, by blood loss related to phlebotomy for diagnostic testing, occult gastrointestinal bleeding, renal replacement therapies, surgical intervention, and traumatic injuries. Reduced red cell life span and nutritional deficiencies (iron, folate, vitamin B12) may be other contributing factors. In addition, critically ill patients have impaired erythropoiesis because of blunted endogenous erythropoietin production and the direct inhibitory effects of inflammatory cytokines on red blood cell production by the bone marrow. Blood transfusions are commonly utilized for treatment of anemia in critical care, resulting in high use of blood transfusions in the intensive care unit (ICU). The percentage of patients transfused in the ICU is inversely related to admission hemoglobin and directly related to age and severity of illness. Patients with an increased length of stay in the ICU are also at increased risk for receiving blood transfusions. Studies are needed to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of ICU-acquired anemia, to determine the efficacy of blood transfusions in critical care, and to investigate alternatives to blood transfusion for the treatment of anemia in the ICU.Keywords: anemia, blood transfusion, critical care, hemoglobin, intensive care
机译：贫血是重症患者的常见问题。它部分是由于与用于诊断测试的静脉切开术相关的失血，隐匿性胃肠道出血，肾脏替代疗法，外科手术干预和创伤性损伤引起的。红细胞寿命缩短和营养缺乏症（铁，叶酸，维生素B12）可能是其他促成因素。另外，重症患者由于内源性促红细胞生成素的生成减弱以及炎症细胞因子对骨髓对红细胞生成的直接抑制作用而使红细胞生成受损。输血通常用于重症监护中的贫血治疗，导致重症监护病房（ICU）大量使用输血。在ICU中输血的患者百分比与入院血红蛋白呈负相关，与疾病的年龄和严重程度直接相关。在ICU住院时间增加的患者接受输血的风险也增加。需要进行研究以增进我们对ICU获得性贫血的病理生理学的了解，确定在重症监护室中输血的功效，并研究在ICU中治疗贫血的输血替代方法。关键词：贫血，输血，重症监护，血红蛋白，重症监护

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