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Influence of the Gas-Water Interface on Transport of Microorganisms through Unsaturated Porous Media

机译：气水界面对微生物通过不饱和多孔介质传输的影响

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In this article, a new mechanism influencing the transport of microorganisms through unsaturated porous media is examined, and a new method for directly visualizing bacterial behavior within a porous medium under controlled chemical and flow conditions is introduced. Resting cells of hydrophilic and relatively hydrophobic bacterial strains isolated from groundwater were used as model microorganisms. The degree of hydrophobicity was determined by contact-angle measurements. Glass micromodels allowed the direct observation of bacterial behavior on a pore scale, and three types of sand columns with different gas saturations provided quantitative measurements of the observed phenomena on a porous medium scale. The reproducibility of each break-through curve was established in three to five repeated experiments. The data collected from the column experiments can be explained by phenomena directly observed in the micromodel experiments. The retention rate of bacteria is proportional to the gas saturation in porous media because of the preferential sorption of bacteria onto the gas-water interface over the solid-water interface. The degree of sorption is controlled mainly by cell surface hydrophobicity under the simulated groundwater conditions because of hydrophobic forces between the organisms and the interfaces. The sorption onto the gas-water interface is essentially irreversible because of capillary forces. This preferential and irreversible sorption at the gas-water interface strongly influences the movement and spatial distribution of microorganisms.
机译：在本文中，研究了一种影响微生物通过不饱和多孔介质迁移的新机制，并介绍了一种直接可视化在受控化学和流动条件下多孔介质内细菌行为的新方法。从地下水中分离出的亲水性和相对疏水性细菌菌株的静止细胞被用作模型微生物。疏水程度通过接触角测量来确定。玻璃微模型可以直接在孔尺度上观察细菌的行为，三种具有不同气体饱和度的砂柱可以对多孔介质尺度上观察到的现象进行定量测量。在三到五个重复的实验中确定了每个突破曲线的重现性。从柱实验中收集的数据可以用在微模型实验中直接观察到的现象来解释。细菌的保留率与多孔介质中的气体饱和度成正比，这是因为细菌优先吸附在气-水界面上而不是固-水界面上。由于生物体与界面之间的疏水力，在模拟的地下水条件下，吸附程度主要受细胞表面疏水性的控制。由于毛细作用力，在气体-水界面上的吸附基本上是不可逆的。在气-水界面处的这种优先且不可逆的吸附作用极大地影响了微生物的运动和空间分布。

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