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首页> 外文期刊>Applied and Environmental Microbiology >Diversity and Structure of the Methanogenic Community in Anoxic Rice Paddy Soil Microcosms as Examined by Cultivation and Direct 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Retrieval
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Diversity and Structure of the Methanogenic Community in Anoxic Rice Paddy Soil Microcosms as Examined by Cultivation and Direct 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Retrieval

机译：通过培养和直接16S rRNA基因序列检索检查缺氧水稻土土壤微观甲烷化群落的多样性和结构。

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摘要

A dual approach consisting of cultivation and molecular retrieval of partial archaeal 16S rRNA genes was carried out to characterize the diversity and structure of the methanogenic community inhabiting the anoxic bulk soil of flooded rice microcosms. The molecular approach identified four groups of known methanogens. Three environmental sequences clustered with Methanobacterium bryantii andMethanobacterium formicicum, six were closely related but not identical to those of strains of Methanosaeta concilii, two grouped with members of the genus Methanosarcina, and two were related to the methanogenic endosymbiont of Plagiopyla nasuta. The cultivation approach via most-probable-number counts with a subsample of the same soil as an inoculum yielded cell numbers of up to 107 per g of dry soil for the H2-CO2-utilizing methanogens and of up to 106 for the acetate-utilizing methanogens. Strain VeH52, isolated from the terminal positive dilution on H2-CO2, grouped within the phylogenetic radiation characterized by M. bryantii and M. formicicum and the environmental sequences of theMethanobacterium-like group. A consortium of two distinct methanogens grew in the terminal positive culture on acetate. These two organisms showed absolute 16S rRNA gene identities with environmental sequences of the novel Methanosaeta-like group and theMethanobacterium-like group. Methanosarcinaspp. were identified only in the less-dilute levels of the same dilution series on acetate. These data correlate well with acetate concentrations of about 11 μM in the pore water of this rice paddy soil. These concentrations are too low for the growth of knownMethanosarcina spp. but are at the acetate utilization threshold of Methanosaeta spp. Thus, our data indicatedMethanosaeta spp. and Methanobacterium spp. to be the dominant methanogenic groups in the anoxic rice soil, whereasMethanosarcina spp. appeared to be less abundant.
机译：进行了一种由栽培和部分古生16S rRNA基因的分子检索组成的双重方法，以表征居住在淹水水稻微观世界中缺氧大块土壤上的产甲烷菌群落的多样性和结构。分子方法确定了四类已知的产甲烷菌。三种环境序列与布鲁斯甲烷杆菌和福美氏甲烷杆菌成簇，其中六个与圆锥形甲烷八叠球菌菌株密切相关但不完全相同，两个与甲烷八叠球菌属成员分组，另外两个与纳达疟原虫的产甲烷内生菌相关。通过最可能数计数的培养方法，使用与接种物相同的土壤亚样品，对于利用H2-CO2的产甲烷菌，每克干土最多可产生107个细胞数，对于利用乙酸盐的最多可产生106个细胞数。产甲烷菌。从H2-CO2的末端阳性稀释液中分离出的VeH52菌株归类于以M. bryantii和M.formicicum为特征的系统发育辐射以及类甲烷杆菌属的环境序列中。两种不同产甲烷菌的菌群在醋酸盐的终末阳性培养物中生长。这两种生物与新型甲烷八叠球菌样组和甲烷甲烷菌样组的环境序列显示出绝对的16S rRNA基因同一性。甲烷菌仅在相同稀释系列的醋酸盐稀释度较低的水平上才能鉴定出。这些数据与该稻田土壤孔隙水中的醋酸盐浓度约为11μM密切相关。这些浓度对于已知的甲烷单胞菌属菌种的生长而言太低。但处于甲烷菌属（Methanosaeta spp）的乙酸盐利用极限。因此，我们的数据表明Methanosaeta spp。和甲烷杆菌属。是缺氧水稻土中占主导地位的产甲烷菌群，而甲烷单孢菌属。似乎不那么丰富。

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