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Interplay between Wheat Cultivars, Biocontrol Pseudomonads, and Soil

机译：小麦品种，生物防治假单胞菌和土壤之间的相互作用

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There is a significant potential to improve the plant-beneficial effects of root-colonizing pseudomonads by breeding wheat genotypes with a greater capacity to sustain interactions with these bacteria. However, the interaction between pseudomonads and crop plants at the cultivar level, as well as the conditions which favor the accumulation of beneficial microorganisms in the wheat rhizosphere, is largely unknown. Therefore, we characterized the three Swiss winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars Arina, Zinal, and Cimetta for their ability to accumulate naturally occurring plant-beneficial pseudomonads in the rhizosphere. Cultivar performance was measured also by the ability to select for specific genotypes of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) producers in two different soils. Cultivar-specific differences were found; however, these were strongly influenced by the soil type. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of fragments of the DAPG biosynthetic gene phlD amplified from natural Pseudomonas rhizosphere populations revealed that phlD diversity substantially varied between the two soils and that there was a cultivar-specific accumulation of certain phlD genotypes in one soil but not in the other. Furthermore, the three cultivars were tested for their ability to benefit from Pseudomonas inoculants. Interestingly, Arina, which was best protected against Pythium ultimum infection by inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens biocontrol strain CHA0, was the cultivar which profited the least from the bacterial inoculant in terms of plant growth promotion in the absence of the pathogen. Knowledge gained of the interactions between wheat cultivars, beneficial pseudomonads, and soil types allows us to optimize cultivar-soil combinations for the promotion of growth through beneficial pseudomonads. Additionally, this information can be implemented by breeders into a new and unique breeding strategy for low-input and organic conditions.
机译：通过育种具有更大能力维持与这些细菌相互作用的小麦基因型，有很大的潜力可以改善定根的假单胞菌对植物的有益作用。然而，在品种水平上假单胞菌与农作物之间的相互作用以及有利于有益微生物在小麦根际中积累的条件在很大程度上是未知的。因此，我们对三种瑞士冬小麦（Triticum aestivum）品种Arina，Zinal和Cimetta进行了表征，以使其能够在根际中积累天然存在的植物有益假单胞菌。通过在两种不同土壤中选择2，4-二乙酰基间苯三酚（DAPG）生产者的特定基因型的能力来衡量品种的表现。发现了特定品种的差异。然而，这些都受到土壤类型的强烈影响。从天然假单胞菌根际种群扩增的DAPG生物合成基因phlD片段的变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）分析显示，两种土壤之间的phlD多样性差异很大，并且在一种土壤中某些phlD基因型存在特定品种的积累，但没有在另一个。此外，测试了三个品种从假单胞菌接种剂中受益的能力。有趣的是，通过接种荧光假单胞菌生物防治菌株CHA0可以最好地防御终极腐霉感染，而在没有病原体的情况下，就促进植物生长而言，该品种从细菌接种剂中获利最少。有关小麦品种，有益假单胞菌和土壤类型之间相互作用的知识使我们能够优化品种-土壤组合，以通过有益假单胞菌促进生长。此外，育种者可以将此信息实施为针对低投入和有机条件的新型独特育种策略。

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