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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Significance of Microbial Communities and Interactions in Safeguarding Reactive Mine Tailings by Ecological Engineering
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Significance of Microbial Communities and Interactions in Safeguarding Reactive Mine Tailings by Ecological Engineering

机译：微生物群落及其相互作用在生态工程保护矿井尾矿中的意义

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Pyritic mine tailings (mineral waste generated by metal mining) pose significant risk to the environment as point sources of acidic, metal-rich effluents (acid mine drainage [AMD]). While the accelerated oxidative dissolution of pyrite and other sulfide minerals in tailings by acidophilic chemolithotrophic prokaryotes has been widely reported, other acidophiles (heterotrophic bacteria that catalyze the dissimilatory reduction of iron and sulfur) can reverse the reactions involved in AMD genesis, and these have been implicated in the “natural attenuation” of mine waters. We have investigated whether by manipulating microbial communities in tailings (inoculating with iron- and sulfur-reducing acidophilic bacteria and phototrophic acidophilic microalgae) it is possible to mitigate the impact of the acid-generating and metal-mobilizing chemolithotrophic prokaryotes that are indigenous to tailing deposits. Sixty tailings mesocosms were set up, using five different microbial inoculation variants, and analyzed at regular intervals for changes in physicochemical and microbiological parameters for up to 1 year. Differences between treatment protocols were most apparent between tailings that had been inoculated with acidophilic algae in addition to aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria and those that had been inoculated with only pyrite-oxidizing chemolithotrophs; these differences included higher pH values, lower redox potentials, and smaller concentrations of soluble copper and zinc. The results suggest that empirical ecological engineering of tailing lagoons to promote the growth and activities of iron- and sulfate-reducing bacteria could minimize their risk of AMD production and that the heterotrophic populations could be sustained by facilitating the growth of microalgae to provide continuous inputs of organic carbon.
机译：硫铁矿尾矿（金属开采产生的矿物废物）作为酸性，富金属废水的主要来源（酸性矿山排水[AMD]）对环境构成了重大风险。尽管已经广泛报道了嗜酸性的化学营养型原核生物加速了尾矿中黄铁矿和其他硫化物矿物的氧化溶解，但其他嗜酸性的细菌（催化铁和硫异化还原的异养细菌）可以逆转AMD起源中涉及的反应。与矿井水的“自然衰减”有关。我们已经研究了通过控制尾矿中的微生物群落（接种还原铁和硫的嗜酸性细菌和光养性嗜酸微藻）是否有可能减轻尾矿床中固有的产酸和金属动化化营养性原核生物的影响。使用五个不同的微生物接种变体建立了60个尾矿中观，并定期分析了长达1年的理化和微生物参数变化。处理方案之间的差异最明显，除了需氧和厌氧的异养细菌外，还接种嗜酸性藻类的尾矿与仅接种黄铁矿氧化化营养菌的尾矿之间。这些差异包括较高的pH值，较低的氧化还原电势以及较小的可溶性铜和锌浓度。结果表明，尾矿泻湖促进铁和硫酸盐还原菌的生长和活性的经验生态工程可以最大程度地降低其AMD产生的风险，并且可以通过促进微藻的生长以提供持续的输入来维持异养种群。有机碳。

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