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Monitoring the Perturbation of Soil and Groundwater Microbial Communities Due to Pig Production Activities

机译：监测养猪生产活动对土壤和地下水微生物群落的扰动

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This study aimed to determine if biotic contaminants originating from pig production farms are disseminated into soil and groundwater microbial communities. A spatial and temporal sampling of soil and groundwater in proximity to pig production farms was conducted, and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) was utilized to determine the abundances of tetracycline resistance genes (i.e., tetQ and tetZ ) and integrase genes (i.e., intI1 and intI2 ). We observed that the abundances of tetZ , tetQ , intI1 , and intI2 in the soils increased at least 6-fold after manure application, and their abundances remained elevated above the background for up to 16 months. Q-PCR further determined total abundances of up to 5.88 × 10~(9) copiesg DNA for tetZ , tetQ , intI1 , and intI2 in some of the groundwater wells that were situated next to the manure lagoon and in the facility well used to supply water for one of the farms. We further utilized 16S rRNA-based pyrosequencing to assess the microbial communities, and our comparative analyses suggest that most of the soil samples collected before and after manure application did not change significantly, sharing a high Bray-Curtis similarity of 78.5%. In contrast, an increase in Bacteroidetes and sulfur-oxidizing bacterial populations was observed in the groundwaters collected from lagoon-associated groundwater wells. Genera associated with opportunistic human and animal pathogens, such as Acinetobacter , Arcobacter , Yersinia , and Coxiella , were detected in some of the manure-treated soils and affected groundwater wells. Feces-associated bacteria such as Streptococcus , Erysipelothrix , and Bacteroides were detected in the manure, soil, and groundwater ecosystems, suggesting a perturbation of the soil and groundwater environments by invader species from pig production activities.
机译：这项研究旨在确定源自养猪场的生物污染物是否被传播到土壤和地下水微生物群落中。进行了猪场附近土壤和地下水的时空采样，并利用定量PCR（Q-PCR）确定了四环素抗性基因（即tetQ和tetZ）和整合酶基因（即intI1）的丰度和intI2）。我们观察到，施肥后土壤中tetZ，tetQ，intI1和intI2的丰度至少增加了6倍，并且它们的丰度在16个月内一直高于背景。 Q-PCR进一步确定了位于粪便泻湖旁边和使用良好的设施中的某些地下水井中tetZ，tetQ，intI1和intI2的总丰度高达5.88×10〜（9）拷贝/ ng DNA为其中一个农场供水。我们进一步利用基于16S rRNA的焦磷酸测序来评估微生物群落，我们的比较分析表明，施肥前后收集的大部分土壤样品没有明显变化，Bray-Curtis的相似度高达78.5％。相反，从泻湖相关地下水井收集的地下水中观察到了拟杆菌和硫氧化细菌的增加。在一些经过粪肥处理的土壤和受影响的地下水井中发现了与机会性人类和动物病原体相关的属，如不动杆菌，无杆杆菌，耶尔森氏菌和Coxiella。在粪便，土壤和地下水生态系统中检测到与粪便相关的细菌，如链球菌，丹毒杆菌和拟杆菌，这表明猪生产活动中的入侵物种对土壤和地下水环境造成了干扰。

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