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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Central Role of Dynamic Tidal Biofilms Dominated by Aerobic Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria and Diatoms in the Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons in Coastal Mudflats
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Central Role of Dynamic Tidal Biofilms Dominated by Aerobic Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria and Diatoms in the Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons in Coastal Mudflats

机译：有氧碳氢碎裂细菌和硅藻为主的动态潮汐生物膜在沿海泥滩碳氢化合物生物降解中的核心作用。

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Mudflats and salt marshes are habitats at the interface of aquatic and terrestrial systems that provide valuable services to ecosystems. Therefore, it is important to determine how catastrophic incidents, such as oil spills, influence the microbial communities in sediment that are pivotal to the function of the ecosystem and to identify the oil-degrading microbes that mitigate damage to the ecosystem. In this study, an oil spill was simulated by use of a tidal chamber containing intact diatom-dominated sediment cores from a temperate mudflat. Changes in the composition of bacteria and diatoms from both the sediment and tidal biofilms that had detached from the sediment surface were monitored as a function of hydrocarbon removal. The hydrocarbon concentration in the upper 1.5 cm of sediments decreased by 78% over 21 days, with at least 60% being attributed to biodegradation. Most phylotypes were minimally perturbed by the addition of oil, but at day 21, there was a 10-fold increase in the amount of cyanobacteria in the oiled sediment. Throughout the experiment, phylotypes associated with the aerobic degradation of hydrocarbons, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ( Cycloclasticus ) and alkanes ( Alcanivorax , Oleibacter , and Oceanospirillales strain ME113), substantively increased in oiled mesocosms, collectively representing 2% of the pyrosequences in the oiled sediments at day 21. Tidal biofilms from oiled cores at day 22, however, consisted mostly of phylotypes related to Alcanivorax borkumensis (49% of clones), Oceanospirillales strain ME113 (11% of clones), and diatoms (14% of clones). Thus, aerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation is most likely to be the main mechanism of attenuation of crude oil in the early weeks of an oil spill, with tidal biofilms representing zones of high hydrocarbon-degrading activity.
机译：滩涂和盐沼是水生和陆地系统界面的栖息地，为生态系统提供了宝贵的服务。因此，重要的是确定诸如溢油之类的灾难性事件如何影响沉积物中的微生物群落，这些微生物群落对生态系统的功能至关重要，并确定减轻石油降解的微生物以减轻对生态系统的损害。在这项研究中，利用潮汐室模拟了溢油，该潮汐室包含来自温带滩涂的完整硅藻为主的沉积物核。监测从沉积物表面脱离的沉积物和潮汐生物膜中细菌和硅藻的成分变化，作为烃去除的函数。在过去的21天中，上部1.5厘米沉积物中的碳氢化合物浓度降低了78％，其中至少60％归因于生物降解。通过添加油，大多数系统型受到的干扰最小，但是在第21天，上油沉积物中的蓝细菌数量增加了10倍。在整个实验中，与油类的好氧降解相关的系统型，包括多环芳烃（PAHs）（Cycloclasticus）和烷烃（Alcanivorax，Oleibacter和Oceanospirillales菌株ME113）显着增加，共占上油过程的2％但是，在第22天时，油性岩心的潮汐生物膜却大部分由与Bocanumensis（49％的克隆），Oceanospirillales菌株ME113（11％的克隆）和硅藻（14％的克隆）相关的系统型组成。 ）。因此，好氧碳氢化合物的生物降解很可能是漏油初期几周原油衰减的主要机制，潮汐生物膜代表了高碳氢化合物降解活性的区域。

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