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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Fungal Communities Associated with the Biodegradation of Polyester Polyurethane Buried under Compost at Different Temperatures
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Fungal Communities Associated with the Biodegradation of Polyester Polyurethane Buried under Compost at Different Temperatures

机译：与堆肥在不同温度下埋藏的聚酯聚氨酯生物降解有关的真菌群落

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摘要

Plastics play an essential role in the modern world due to their low cost and durability. However, accumulation of plastic waste in the environment causes wide-scale pollution with long-lasting effects, making plastic waste management expensive and problematic. Polyurethanes (PUs) are heteropolymers that made up ca. 7% of the total plastic production in Europe in 2011. Polyester PUs in particular have been extensively reported as susceptible to microbial biodegradation in the environment, particularly by fungi. In this study, we investigated the impact of composting on PUs, as composting is a microbially rich process that is increasingly being used for the processing of green waste and food waste as an economically viable alternative to landfill disposal. PU coupons were incubated for 12 weeks in fresh compost at 25°C, 45°C, and 50°C to emulate the thermophilic and maturation stages of the composting process. Incubation at all temperatures caused significant physical deterioration of the polyester PU coupons and was associated with extensive fungal colonization. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis and pyrosequencing of the fungal communities on the PU surface and in the surrounding compost revealed that the population on the surface of PU was different from the surrounding compost community, suggesting enrichment and selection. The most dominant fungi identified from the surfaces of PU coupons by pyrosequencing was Fusarium solani at 25°C, while at both 45°C and 50°C, Candida ethanolica was the dominant species. The results of this preliminary study suggest that the composting process has the potential to biodegrade PU waste if optimized further in the future.
机译：由于其低成本和耐用性，塑料在现代世界中起着至关重要的作用。但是，塑料废料在环境中的积累会造成广泛的污染，并具有长期影响，这使得塑料废料管理昂贵且成问题。聚氨酯（PU）是由大约1到20个碳原子组成的杂聚物。 2011年占欧洲塑料总产量的7％。尤其是，聚酯PU尤其容易受到环境中微生物生物降解的影响，尤其是真菌。在这项研究中，我们研究了堆肥对PU的影响，因为堆肥是一种富含微生物的过程，越来越多地用于处理绿色废物和食品废物，作为掩埋处置的经济可行替代方案。 PU试样在25°C，45°C和50°C的新鲜堆肥中孵育12周，以模拟堆肥过程的嗜热和成熟阶段。在所有温度下的孵育均会导致聚酯PU试样的物理性能显着下降，并与广泛的真菌定植有关。末端限制性片段长度多态性（TRFLP）分析和PU序列及周围堆肥中真菌群落的焦磷酸测序表明，PU表面的种群不同于周围堆肥群落，表明其富集和选择。通过焦磷酸测序从PU优惠券表面鉴定出的最主要的真菌是25°C的茄枯萎菌，而在45°C和50°C时，乙醇假丝酵母是主要菌种。这项初步研究的结果表明，如果将来进一步优化，堆肥工艺有可能生物降解PU废物。

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