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Articles of Significant Interest Selected from This Issue by the Editors

机译：编辑从本期中精选的重要文章

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Application of CRISPR-Cas systems (involving clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats and their CRISPR-associated proteins) has altered the course of genomic engineering across the spectrum of life. Bacillus subtilis is an industrial bacterium whose genetic tools for scalable strain construction are primitive in comparison to those for genetically tractable organisms such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Westbrook et al. (p. 48764895) have developed a comprehensive CRISPR-Cas9 tool kit for B. subtilis which enables guide RNA delivery and eviction for continuous genome editing, simultaneous targeting of multiple loci for gene insertion and mutation, and transcriptional interference. This work could potentially lead to high-throughput strain engineering of B. subtilis .Subseafloor sediment provides a unique opportunity to investigate drivers of microbial diversity in communities that may be isolated for millions of years. A study by Walsh and colleagues (p. 49944999) shows that bacterial richness in subseafloor sediment declines exponentially with sediment age and in parallel with the rate of organic-matter oxidation. This suggests that subseafloor diversity ultimately depends on electron donor diversity and/or total community respiration. These results provide important new insights into how and why biological richness changes over time in subseafloor sediment.
机译：CRISPR-Cas系统的应用（涉及成簇的规则间隔的回文重复序列及其与CRISPR相关的蛋白质）改变了整个生命周期的基因组工程过程。枯草芽孢杆菌是一种工业细菌，与诸如大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母等可遗传加工的生物相比，枯草芽孢杆菌的遗传工具具有原始的遗传工具。威斯布鲁克等。 （p。48764895）已开发了一种用于枯草芽孢杆菌的全面CRISPR-Cas9工具套件，该套件可指导RNA的输送和逐出，以进行连续的基因组编辑，同时针对多个基因座进行基因插入和突变以及转录干扰。这项工作可能导致枯草芽孢杆菌的高通量菌株工程。海底沉积物提供了一个独特的机会，可以研究可能已经隔离了数百万年的社区中微生物多样性的驱动因素。 Walsh及其同事的一项研究（第49944999页）显示，海底沉积物中细菌的富集度随着沉积物年龄的增长呈指数下降，并且与有机物氧化速率平行。这表明海底生物多样性最终取决于电子供体多样性和/或总的群落呼吸。这些结果为海底沉积物中生物富集度随时间变化的方式和原因提供了重要的新见解。

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