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Influence of Niche-Specific Nutrients on Secondary Metabolism in Vibrionaceae

机译：生态位特定养分对弧菌科次生代谢的影响

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Many factors, such as the substrate and the growth phase, influence biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in microorganisms. Therefore, it is crucial to consider these factors when establishing a bioprospecting strategy. Mimicking the conditions of the natural environment has been suggested as a means of inducing or influencing microbial secondary metabolite production. The purpose of the present study was to determine how the bioactivity of Vibrionaceae was influenced by carbon sources typical of their natural environment. We determined how mannose and chitin, compared to glucose, influenced the antibacterial activity of a collection of Vibrionaceae strains isolated because of their ability to produce antibacterial compounds but that in subsequent screenings seemed to have lost this ability. The numbers of bioactive isolates were 2- and 3.5-fold higher when strains were grown on mannose and chitin, respectively, than on glucose. As secondary metabolites are typically produced during late growth, potential producers were also allowed 1 to 2 days of growth before exposure to the pathogen. This strategy led to a 3-fold increase in the number of bioactive strains on glucose and an 8-fold increase on both chitin and mannose. We selected two bioactive strains belonging to species for which antibacterial activity had not previously been identified. Using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry and bioassay-guided fractionation, we found that the siderophore fluvibactin was responsible for the antibacterial activity of Vibrio furnissii and Vibrio fluvialis . These results suggest a role of chitin in the regulation of secondary metabolism in vibrios and demonstrate that considering bacterial ecophysiology during development of screening strategies will facilitate bioprospecting.IMPORTANCE A challenge in microbial natural product discovery is the elicitation of the biosynthetic gene clusters that are silent when microorganisms are grown under standard laboratory conditions. We hypothesized that, since the clusters are not lost during proliferation in the natural niche of the microorganisms, they must, under such conditions, be functional. Here, we demonstrate that an ecology-based approach in which the producer organism is allowed a temporal advantage and where growth conditions are mimicking the natural niche remarkably increases the number of Vibrionaceae strains producing antibacterial compounds.
机译：许多因素（例如底物和生长期）会影响微生物中次级代谢产物的生物合成。因此，在制定生物勘探策略时考虑这些因素至关重要。已经提出模仿自然环境的条件作为诱导或影响微生物次级代谢产物产生的手段。本研究的目的是确定弧菌科的生物活性如何受到其自然环境典型碳源的影响。我们确定了与葡萄糖相比，甘露糖和几丁质如何影响一系列分离出的弧菌科菌株的抗菌活性，因为它们具有产生抗菌化合物的能力，但在随后的筛选中似乎已丧失了这种能力。当菌株分别在甘露糖和几丁质上生长时，其生物活性分离物的数量分别比在葡萄糖上高出2倍和3.5倍。由于次生代谢产物通常在生长后期产生，因此潜在的生产者在暴露于病原体之前也要生长1至2天。这种策略导致葡萄糖上的生物活性菌株数量增加了3倍，几丁质和甘露糖上的活性增加了8倍。我们选择了两个生物活性菌株，这些菌株以前没有发现其抗菌活性。使用超高效液相色谱-高分辨率质谱法和生物测定指导的分馏，我们发现铁载体fluvibactin负责弧菌弧菌和弧菌弧菌。这些结果表明甲壳质在弧菌二次代谢的调节中的作用，并证明在筛选策略制定过程中考虑细菌生态生理学将有助于生物勘探。微生物在标准实验室条件下生长。我们假设，由于簇在微生物的自然生态位中增殖过程中不会丢失，因此它们必须在这种条件下具有功能。在这里，我们证明了一种基于生态的方法，其中允许生产者生物体具有暂时优势，并且生长条件模仿自然环境，从而显着增加了产生抗菌化合物的弧菌科菌株的数量。

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