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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Detection and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus from Tunisian Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Secondary Treatments
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Detection and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus from Tunisian Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Secondary Treatments

机译：来自突尼斯污水处理厂不同二级处理的甲型肝炎病毒的检测和分子表征

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the main causative agent of hepatitis infection associated with waterborne outbreaks worldwide. In Tunisia, there is no specific surveillance system for HAV and current secondary wastewater treatment processes are unable to remove viral particles, which present a potential public health problem. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of HAV in 271 raw and treated wastewater samples from five sewage treatment plants (STPs) during 13 months was performed. Moreover, the efficiency of three secondary wastewater treatment processes (conventional activated sludge, extended aeration, and oxidation ditch activated sludge) was evaluated. Data obtained demonstrated that HAV is endemic in Tunisia and circulates with high prevalence in both raw (66.9%) and treated (40.7%) wastewater. HAV circulates throughout the year in the coastal areas, with the highest rates found during summer and autumn, whereas in central Tunisia, high levels were shown in autumn and winter. Total virus removal was not achieved, since no difference in mean HAV loads was observed in effluents (6.0 × 10~(3) genome copies [GC]/ml) and influents (2.7 × 10~(3) GC/ml). The comparison of the HAV removal values of the three different wastewater treatment methods indicates that extended aeration and oxidation ditch activated sludge had better efficiency in removing viruses than conventional activated sludge did. Molecular characterization revealed that the vast majority of HAV strains belonged to subgenotype IA, with the cocirculation of subgenotype IB in wastewater treatment plants that collect tourism wastewater.IMPORTANCE This report provides important data on the incidence, behavior, seasonality, and genotype distribution of HAV in the environment in Tunisia, as well as the risk of infection derived from its occurrence in effluents due to inadequate wastewater treatment. In addition, these findings seem to confirm that the prevalence of HAV depends on socioeconomic level, sanitary conditions in the communities, sewage facilities, the locality, and the climate. The wide dispersion of HAV in effluents proves the inefficacity of the current wastewater treatment processes used in Tunisia to remove virus; therefore, establishment of tertiary treatment processes or replacement of the medium-charge activated sludge (conventional activated sludge) by the low-charge version (oxidation ditch activated sludge) is absolutely needed. Rapid detection of the HAV genome in wastewater may provide a timely warning sign to health authorities to implement population protection measures.
机译：甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）是与全世界水源性暴发相关的肝炎感染的主要病原体。在突尼斯，没有针对甲型肝炎病毒的专门监测系统，当前的二级废水处理工艺无法去除病毒颗粒，这带来了潜在的公共卫生问题。在13个月内对来自五个污水处理厂（STP）的271个未经处理和处理过的废水样本中的HAV进行了定性和定量分析。此外，还评估了三种二次废水处理工艺（常规活性污泥，扩展曝气和氧化沟活性污泥）的效率。获得的数据表明，HAV在突尼斯是地方性的，并且在原废水（66.9％）和经处理的废水（40.7％）中都以高流行率传播。甲型肝炎病毒全年在沿海地区流通，夏季和秋季发病率最高，而突尼斯中部在秋季和冬季则呈高水平。由于在流出物（6.0×10〜（3）基因组拷贝[GC] / ml）和流入水（2.7×10〜（3）GC / ml）中未观察到平均HAV载量的差异，因此无法完全去除病毒。三种不同废水处理方法的HAV去除值的比较表明，延长曝气和氧化沟活性污泥比常规活性污泥具有更好的去除病毒效率。分子特征表明，大多数HAV菌株属于IA亚型，在收集旅游废水的污水处理厂中IB亚型协同流通。重要提示本报告提供了有关HAV发生率，行为，季节性和基因型分布的重要数据。突尼斯的环境，以及由于废水处理不充分而在废水中引起感染的风险。此外，这些发现似乎证实HAV的流行取决于社会经济水平，社区的卫生条件，污水处理设施，位置和气候。 HAV在废水中的广泛分散证明了突尼斯目前用于去除病毒的废水处理工艺无效。因此，绝对需要建立第三级处理工艺或用低电荷版本（氧化沟活性污泥）代替中电荷活性污泥（常规活性污泥）。快速检测废水中的HAV基因组可能会向卫生当局提供及时的警告信号，以实施人口保护措施。

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