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Stark Contrast in Denitrification and Anammox across the Deep Norwegian Trench in the Skagerrak

机译：Skagerrak挪威深海海沟中反硝化和厌氧氨氧化的鲜明对比

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Environmental anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) was demonstrated for the first time in 2002, using ~(15)N labeling, in homogenized sediment from the Skagerrak, where it accounted for up to 67% of N_(2) production. We returned to some of these original sites in 2010 to make measurements of nitrogen and carbon cycling under conditions more representative of those in situ , quantifying anammox and denitrification, together with oxygen penetration and consumption, in intact sediment cores. Overall, oxygen consumption and N_(2) production decayed with water depth, as expected, but the drop in N_(2) production was relatively more pronounced. Whereas we confirmed the dominance of N_(2) production by anammox (72% and 77%) at the two deepest sites (～700 m of water), anammox was conspicuously absent from two shallower sites (～200 m and 400 m). At the shallower sites, we could measure no anammox activity with either intact or homogeneous sediment, and quantitative PCR (16S rRNA) gave a negligible abundance of anammox bacteria in the anoxic layers. Such an absence of anammox, especially at one locale where it was originally demonstrated, is hard to reconcile. Despite the dominance of anammox at the deepest sites, anammox activity could not make up for the drop in denitrification, and assuming Redfield ratios for the organic matter being mineralized, the estimated retention of fixed N actually increased to 90% to 97% of that mineralized, whereas it was 80% to 86% at the shallower sites.
机译：在2002年，使用〜（15）N标记在Skagerrak的均质沉积物中首次证明了环境厌氧铵氧化（anammox），占N_（2）产量的67％。我们在2010年回到了其中一些原始站点，对氮和碳循环进行了测量，这些条件在更能代表原位的条件下进行了定量，对完整沉积物核心中的厌氧氨氧化和反硝化以及氧气的渗透和消耗进行了定量。总体而言，氧气消耗和N_（2）产量随水深的增加而下降，正如预期的那样，但N_（2）产量的下降相对较为明显。尽管我们确认了在两个最深的地点（约700 m的水）中，厌氧菌（72％和77％）的厌氧菌对N_（2）的生产占主导地位，但在两个较浅的地点（约200 m和400 m）却明显缺乏厌氧菌。在较浅的地方，无论完整或均质的沉积物，我们都无法测量出厌氧菌的活性，而定量PCR（16S rRNA）在厌氧层中的厌氧菌细菌丰度可忽略不计。这种缺乏厌氧氨水的现象，特别是在最初证明其存在的一个地区，很难调和。尽管在最深处厌氧菌占主导地位，但厌氧菌活性无法弥补反硝化作用的下降，并且假设有机物矿化的雷德菲尔德比率，固定氮的估计保留量实际上增加到了矿化氮的90％至97％ ，而在较浅的位置则为80％至86％。

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