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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Impact of Peat Mining and Restoration on Methane Turnover Potential and Methane-Cycling Microorganisms in a Northern Bog
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Impact of Peat Mining and Restoration on Methane Turnover Potential and Methane-Cycling Microorganisms in a Northern Bog

机译：泥炭的开采和恢复对北部沼泽甲烷转化潜力和甲烷循环微生物的影响

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Ombrotrophic peatlands are a recognized global carbon reservoir. Without restoration and peat regrowth, harvested peatlands are dramatically altered, impairing their carbon sink function, with consequences for methane turnover. Previous studies determined the impact of commercial mining on the physicochemical properties of peat and the effects on methane turnover. However, the response of the underlying microbial communities catalyzing methane production and oxidation have so far received little attention. We hypothesize that with the return of Sphagnum spp. postharvest, methane turnover potential and the corresponding microbial communities will converge in a natural and restored peatland. To address our hypothesis, we determined the potential methane production and oxidation rates in natural (as a reference), actively mined, abandoned, and restored peatlands over two consecutive years. In all sites, the methanogenic and methanotrophic population sizes were enumerated using quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays targeting the mcrA and pmoA genes, respectively. Shifts in the community composition were determined using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the mcrA gene and a pmoA-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-RFLP) analysis, complemented by cloning and sequence analysis of the mmoX gene. Peat mining adversely affected methane turnover potential, but the rates recovered in the restored site. The recovery in potential activity was reflected in the methanogenic and methanotrophic abundances. However, the microbial community composition was altered, being more pronounced for the methanotrophs. Overall, we observed a lag between the recovery of the methanogenic/methanotrophic activity and the return of the corresponding microbial communities, suggesting that a longer duration (>15 years) is needed to reverse mining-induced effects on the methane-cycling microbial communities.IMPORTANCE Ombrotrophic peatlands are a crucial carbon sink, but this environment is also a source of methane, an important greenhouse gas. Methane emission in peatlands is regulated by methane production and oxidation catalyzed by methanogens and methanotrophs, respectively. Methane-cycling microbial communities have been documented in natural peatlands. However, less is known of their response to peat mining and of the recovery of the community after restoration. Mining exerts an adverse impact on potential methane production and oxidation rates and on methanogenic and methanotrophic population abundances. Peat mining also induced a shift in the methane-cycling microbial community composition. Nevertheless, with the return of Sphagnum spp. in the restored site after 15 years, methanogenic and methanotrophic activity and population abundance recovered well. The recovery, however, was not fully reflected in the community composition, suggesting that >15 years are needed to reverse mining-induced effects.
机译：富营养的泥炭地是公认的全球碳库。没有恢复和泥炭再生，收获的泥炭地将发生巨大变化，损害其碳汇功能，并导致甲烷转化。先前的研究确定了商业开采对泥炭的理化性质的影响以及对甲烷转换的影响。然而，到目前为止，催化甲烷产生和氧化的潜在微生物群落的反应很少受到关注。我们假设随着泥炭藓的回归。收获后，甲烷的转化潜力和相应的微生物群落将汇聚在天然的和恢复的泥炭地中。为了解决我们的假设，我们确定了连续两年积极开采，废弃和恢复泥炭地的自然甲烷产量和氧化速率（作为参考）。在所有位点，分别使用针对mcrA和pmoA基因的定量PCR（qPCR）分析方法来计算产甲烷菌和甲烷营养菌群的大小。使用mcrA基因的Illumina MiSeq测序和基于pmoA的末端限制性片段长度多态性（t-RFLP）分析，以及对mmoX基因的克隆和序列分析，确定了群落组成的变化。泥炭开采对甲烷的周转潜力产生了不利影响，但在恢复的地点恢复了采收率。产甲烷和甲烷营养丰度反映了潜在活性的恢复。然而，微生物群落组成发生了变化，甲烷营养菌更为明显。总体而言，我们观察到产甲烷/甲烷营养活动的恢复与相应微生物群落的恢复之间存在滞后现象，这表明需要更长的持续时间（> 15年）来逆转采矿对甲烷循环微生物群落的影响。重要说明富营养泥炭地是至关重要的碳汇，但这种环境也是甲烷（一种重要的温室气体）的来源。泥炭地中甲烷的排放受甲烷的产生和甲烷甲烷和甲烷营养菌催化的氧化的调节。天然泥炭地中有甲烷循环微生物群落的记录。但是，人们对泥炭开采的反应以及恢复后社区的恢复知之甚少。采矿对潜在的甲烷生产和氧化速率以及产甲烷和甲烷营养的种群数量产生不利影响。泥炭开采还引起甲烷循环微生物群落组成的转变。尽管如此，随着泥炭藓的回归。 15年后在恢复的地点，产甲烷和甲烷营养活动和种群数量恢复良好。但是，恢复程度并未完全反映在社区组成中，这表明需要15年以上的时间才能扭转采矿引起的影响。

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