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Effect of Four Dispersants on Biodegradation and Growth of Bacteria on Crude Oil

机译：四种分散剂对原油生物降解及细菌生长的影响

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Four chemical dispersants, Corexit 8666, Gamlen Sea Clean, G. H. Woods Degreaser-Formula 11470, and Sugee 2 were examined singly and in individual combinations with Arabian Crude Oil (1:1 ratio) at 10 and 25 C for their effects on the growth of bacteria indigenous to local marine waters, the bacterial population composition, and biodegradation of crude oil; in addition, their emulsifying capacities, at approximately 24 C, were determined. None of the dispersants used alone were toxic even at relatively high concentrations (1.25%), although Gamlen Sea Clean and G. H. Woods Degreaser-Formula 11470 did cause an increase in the lag phase which was more pronounced at 10 than at 25 C; addition of the crude oil reduced the lag phase increase. All of the dispersants used alone supported good growth of microorganisms, but qualitative population shifts were caused by the dispersant-oil combinations. The degrees of degradation of the n-alkane fraction of the crude oil varied depending upon the dispersant used. Under these test conditions, only Sugee 2, which had the poorest emulsifying capacity, promoted n-alkane degradation compared with the values obtained by using the crude oil alone.
机译：分别在10和25°C下与阿拉伯原油（1：1比例）组合测试了四种化学分散剂Corexit 8666，Gamlen Sea Clean，GH Woods Degreaser-Formula 11470和Sugee 2对它们的生长的影响。当地海水中固有的细菌，细菌种群组成以及原油的生物降解;另外，测定了它们在约24℃下的乳化能力。尽管Gamlen Sea Clean和G.H. Woods Degreaser-Formula 11470确实引起了滞后相的增加，但在10％时比在25°C时更明显;即使在相对较高的浓度（1.25％）下，单独使用的分散剂也没有毒性。原油的添加减少了滞后相的增加。单独使用的所有分散剂都支持微生物的良好生长，但是定性的种群转移是由分散剂-油的组合引起的。原油中正构烷烃馏分的降解程度取决于所用的分散剂。在这些测试条件下，与单独使用原油获得的值相比，只有乳化能力最差的Sugee 2才促进正构烷烃降解。

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