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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Factors Limiting the Spread of the Protective Symbiont Hamiltonella defensa in Aphis craccivora Aphids
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Factors Limiting the Spread of the Protective Symbiont Hamiltonella defensa in Aphis craccivora Aphids

机译：限制在蚜虫蚜虫中保护性共生汉密尔顿杆菌扩散的因素

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Many insects are associated with heritable symbionts that mediate ecological interactions, including host protection against natural enemies. The cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora , is a polyphagous pest that harbors Hamiltonella defensa , which defends against parasitic wasps. Despite this protective benefit, this symbiont occurs only at intermediate frequencies in field populations. To identify factors constraining H. defensa invasion in Ap. craccivora , we estimated symbiont transmission rates, performed fitness assays, and measured infection dynamics in population cages to evaluate effects of infection. Similar to results with the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum , we found no consistent costs to infection using component fitness assays, but we did identify clear costs to infection in population cages when no enemies were present. Maternal transmission rates of H. defensa in Ap. craccivora were high (ca. 99%) but not perfect. Transmission failures and infection costs likely limit the spread of protective H. defensa in Ap. craccivora . We also characterized several parameters of H. defensa infection potentially relevant to the protective phenotype. We confirmed the presence of H. defensa in aphid hemolymph, where it potentially interacts with endoparasites, and performed real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) to estimate symbiont and phage abundance during aphid development. We also examined strain variation of H. defensa and its bacteriophage at multiple loci, and despite our lines being collected in different regions of North America, they were infected with a nearly identical strains of H. defensa and APSE4 phage. The limited strain diversity observed for these defensive elements may result in relatively static protection profile for this defensive symbiosis.
机译：许多昆虫与介导生态相互作用的遗传共生体有关，包括对天敌的寄主保护。 cow豆蚜虫Aphis craccivora是一种多食性害虫，内藏有Hamiltonella defensa，可以防御寄生性黄蜂。尽管有这种保护作用，但这种共生体仅在田间种群的中间频率处发生。以确定约束H. defensa入侵的因素。 ，我们估计了共生体传播率，进行了适应度分析，并测量了种群笼中的感染动态，以评估感染的影响。与豌豆蚜虫（Acyrthosiphon pisum）的结果相似，我们使用成分适应度分析没有发现持续的感染成本，但是当没有敌人出现时，我们确实确定了种群笼中明显的感染成本。在Ap。中的H. defensa的母亲传播率。 Craccivora较高（约99％），但并不完美。传播失败和感染费用可能会限制保护性H. defensa在Ap中的传播。 Craccivora。我们还表征了可能与保护性表型有关的防御H.defensa感染的几个参数。我们确认了蚜虫血淋巴中存在H. defensa，它可能与体内寄生虫相互作用，并进行了实时定量PCR（qPCR）以评估蚜虫发育过程中的共生体和噬菌体丰度。我们还检查了多个基因座上的防御链球菌及其噬菌体的变异，尽管我们的品系在北美不同地区收集，但它们感染了几乎相同的防御链球菌和APSE4噬菌体。对于这些防御性元件观察到的有限的应变多样性可能会导致该防御性共生的相对静态保护分布。

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