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Development of Spatial Distribution Patterns by Biofilm Cells

机译：生物膜细胞的空间分布格局的发展。

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Confined spatial patterns of microbial distribution are prevalent in nature, such as in microbial mats, soil communities, and water stream biofilms. The symbiotic two-species consortium of Pseudomonas putida and Acinetobacter sp. strain C6, originally isolated from a creosote-polluted aquifer, has evolved a distinct spatial organization in the laboratory that is characterized by an increased fitness and productivity. In this consortium, P. putida is reliant on microcolonies formed by Acinetobacter sp. C6, to which it attaches. Here we describe the processes that lead to the microcolony pattern by Acinetobacter sp. C6. Ecological spatial pattern analyses revealed that the microcolonies were not entirely randomly distributed and instead were arranged in a uniform pattern. Detailed time-lapse confocal microscopy at the single-cell level demonstrated that the spatial pattern was the result of an intriguing self-organization: small multicellular clusters moved along the surface to fuse with one another to form microcolonies. This active distribution capability was dependent on environmental factors (carbon source and oxygen) and historical contingency (formation of phenotypic variants). The findings of this study are discussed in the context of species distribution patterns observed in macroecology, and we summarize observations about the processes involved in coadaptation between P. putida and Acinetobacter sp. C6. Our results contribute to an understanding of spatial species distribution patterns as they are observed in nature, as well as the ecology of engineered communities that have the potential for enhanced and sustainable bioprocessing capacity.
机译：有限的微生物分布空间格局在自然界很普遍，例如在微生物垫，土壤群落和水流生物膜中。恶臭假单胞菌和不动杆菌属的共生两个物种财团。最初从杂酚油污染的含水层中分离出的C6菌株在实验室中发展出独特的空间组织，其特点是适应性和生产率提高。在这个财团中，恶臭假单胞菌依赖于不动杆菌属形成的微菌落。 C6，它连接到。在这里，我们描述了导致不动杆菌属的小菌落模式的过程。 C6。生态空间格局分析表明，小殖民地并不是完全随机分布，而是以统一的格局排列。单细胞水平的详细延时共聚焦显微镜表明，空间模式是一个有趣的自我组织的结果：小的多细胞簇沿着表面移动，彼此融合形成微菌落。这种主动分配能力取决于环境因素（碳源和氧气）和历史偶然性（表型变异的形成）。在宏观生态学中观察到的物种分布模式的背景下讨论了这项研究的结果，并且我们总结了关于恶臭假单胞菌和不动杆菌属之间的共适应过程的观察结果。 C6。我们的结果有助于理解自然界中观察到的空间物种分布模式，以及具有增强和可持续生物加工能力的潜力的工程社区生态。

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