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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Effects of Temperature and Moisture on Development of Fusarium graminearum Perithecia in Maize Stalk Residues
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Effects of Temperature and Moisture on Development of Fusarium graminearum Perithecia in Maize Stalk Residues

机译：温度和水分对玉米秸秆残留中禾谷镰刀菌周皮发育的影响

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Fusarium graminearum is the predominant component of the Fusarium head blight complex of wheat. F. graminearum ascospores, which initiate head infection, mature in perithecia on crop residues and become airborne. The effects of temperature ( T ) and moisture on perithecium production and maturation and on ascospore production on maize stalk residues were determined. In the laboratory, perithecia were produced at temperatures between 5 and 30°C (the optimum was 21.7°C) but matured only at 20 and 25°C. Perithecia were produced when relative humidity (RH) was ≥75% but matured only when RH was ≥85%; perithecium production and maturation increased with RH. Equations describing perithecium production and maturation over time as a function of T and RH ( R ~(2) > 0.96) were developed. Maize stalks were also placed outdoors on three substrates: a grass lawn exposed to rain; a constantly wet, spongelike foam exposed to rain; and a grass lawn protected from rain. No perithecia were produced on stalks protected from rain. Perithecium production and maturation were significantly higher on the constantly wet foam than on the intermittently wet lawn (both exposed to rain). Ascospore numbers but not their dispersal patterns were also affected by the substrate.
机译：禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）是小麦镰刀菌枯萎病复合体的主要成分。引发头部感染的禾谷镰孢F. graminearum子囊孢子在农作物的残留物中在皮层中成熟并通过空气传播。确定了温度（T）和水分对玉米秸秆残留物上皮的产生和成熟以及对子囊孢子产生的影响。在实验室中，皮膜是在5至30°C（最佳温度为21.7°C）之间产生的，但仅在20至25°C时才成熟。相对湿度（RH）≥75％时会产生周皮，但只有相对湿度（RH）≥85％时才会成熟。随着RH的增加，皮膜的产生和成熟增加。建立了描述随着时间的推移，T和RH随时间变化的皮膜产生和成熟的方程（R〜（2）> 0.96）。玉米秸秆还被放置在户外的三种基质上：暴露于雨水的草地;经常被雨淋湿的海绵状泡沫;以及草坪防雨。防雨的茎秆上未产生皮膜病。持续湿润的泡沫塑料上的Perececium的生产和成熟度明显高于间歇湿润的草坪（都暴露在雨中）。子囊孢子数但它们的分散模式也不受底物的影响。

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